Week 7 Gastroenterology

Front 1

passage of undigested food in stools:

Back 1

lientery

Front 2

pain on swallowing:

Back 2

odynophagia

Front 3

intestinal obstruction:

Back 3

ileus

Front 4

straining at stool, usually without result and often painful:

Back 4

tenesmus

Front 5

medical term for heartburn:

Back 5

pyrosis

Front 6

Gastrografin enema:

Back 6

used for retrograde diagnostic study--
trademark for a preparation of meglumine diatrizoate--
a radiopaque medium, available in solution, consisting of diatrizoate meglumine in water for injection or of diatrizoic acid in water for injection, prepared with the aid of meglumine.

Front 7

EGD

Back 7

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 8

a hollow needle consisting of a sharp trocar with a slanted end surrounding an inner cylinder with a blunt end

Back 8

Veress needle

Front 9

the process of introducing carbon dioxide in the peritoneal cavity in preparation for laporoscopy:

Back 9

insufflation

Front 10

The condition created by insufflating the peritoneal cavity with carbon dioxide is called:

Back 10

pneumoperitoneum

Front 11

The hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to contract
and release bile is:

Back 11

cholecystokinin

Front 12

prolonged tightening of the esophagus is known as:

Back 12

achalasia

Front 13

Which form of hepatitis is acute but self-limited and not likely to cause complications or serious sequelae?

Back 13

hepatitis A

Front 14

Condition following as a consequence of a disease:

Back 14

sequelae

Front 15

Name 3 drugs that may be administered in an attempt to
dissolve gallstones?

Back 15

chenodiol (Chenix),
monoctanoin (Moctanin),
ursodiol (Actigall)

Front 16

How would you transcribe the following?
“The patient has a three to five year history of insomnia.”

Back 16

The patient has a 3- to 5-year history of insomnia.

Front 17

Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract:

Back 17

mucosa (mucous membrane),
submucosa,
smooth muscle layer,
serosa (serous membrane)

Front 18

the outer lining of the abdominopelvic cavity:

Back 18

parietal peritoneum

Front 19

the inner lining covering the organs:

Back 19

visceral peritoneum

Front 20

the potential space between the parietal peritoneum and the visceral peritoneum is:

Back 20

the peritoneal cavity

Front 21

the peritoneal cavity can be subdivided into 2 cavities known as:

Back 21

the greater peritoneal cavity; &
the lesser peritoneal cavity

Front 22

the main portion, located in the abdominal cavity and extending into the pelvic cavity is called:

Back 22

the greater peritoneal cavity

Front 23

double-layered portion of the peritoneum shaped somewhat like a fan & attached to the posterior abdominal wall and the long end attached to the small intestine:

Back 23

mesentary

Front 24

The section of the peritoneum that extends from the colon to the posterior abdominal wall:

Back 24

mesocolon

Front 25

the process of the peritoneum by which the colon is attached to the posterior abdominal wall. It is divided into ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid or pelvic portions, according to the segment of the colon to which it gives attachment:

Back 25

mesocolon

Front 26

a membranous fold attaching any of various organs to the body wall, especially the folds of peritoneum that attach the intestines to the abdominal wall:

Back 26

mesentary; (mesenterium)

Front 27

a fold of peritoneum extending from the stomach to adjacent organs in the abdominal cavity:

Back 27

omentum

Front 28

a prominent peritoneal fold suspended from the greater curvature of the stomach and passing inferiorly a variable distance in front of the intestines; it is attached to the anterior surface of the transverse colon.

Back 28

greater omentum
(omentum majus)

Front 29

a peritoneal fold joining the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum to the porta hepatis (between the stomach and the liver):

Back 29

lesser omentum
(omentum minus)

Front 30

The part of the peritoneum around the small intestine:

Back 30

mesentary

Front 31

The organs of the digestive tract:

Back 31

mouth,
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach,
small intestine,
large intestine

Front 32

Another name for the digestive tract:

Back 32

alimentary tract

Front 33

the meaning of "aiment"

Back 33

food

Front 34

the most common name for the digestive tract:

Back 34

gastrointestinal tract

Front 35

the mouth is also called:

Back 35

the oral cavity

Front 36

4 digestive functions of the mouth:

Back 36

ingestion (receives food);
mastication (chewing);
lubricates food with saliva; (salivary amylase begins to break down starch;
deglutition (swallowing)

Front 37

muscular organ that projects into the mouth, aids in chewing and swallowing, & is one of the principle organs of speech:

Back 37

tongue

Front 38

Name the 4 types of Taste bud receptors:

Back 38

sweet,
sour,
salty,
bitter

Front 39

Baby teeth are also known as the:

Back 39

deciduous teeth

Front 40

How many baby teeth are there?

Back 40

20

Front 41

Meaning of "deciduous":

Back 41

"falling off at a certain time"

Front 42

Number of permanant teeth in an adult set:

Back 42

32

Front 43

The anterior cutting teeth are called:

Back 43

incisors

Front 44

Which teeth are lateral to the incisors?

Back 44

cuspids;
(commonly called the 'canine teeth' or the 'eyeteeth'

Front 45

The grinding teeth are called:

Back 45

molars

Front 46

How many molars are there in each quadrant?

Back 46

5,
2 premolars & 3 molars

Front 47

Name the teeth & the quantity in each quadrant:

Back 47

2 incisors,
1 cuspid,
5 molars

Front 48

Breakdown of the total number & kinds of teeth:

Back 48

8 incisors,
4 cuspids,
20 molars

Front 49

baby molars are replaced by permanent premolars known as:
at about what age?

Back 49

bicuspids;
age 6

Front 50

The 3rd molars are known as:

Back 50

wisdom teeth

Front 51

The main substance of the tooth, which is a calcified substance harder than bone:

Back 51

dentin

Front 52

What is within the tooth?

Back 52

soft pulp containing blood vessels and nerves

Front 53

What is the name of the part of the tooth above the gum?

Back 53

the crown

Front 54

what is the gum called?

Back 54

gingiva

Front 55

what covers the outside of the tooth?

Back 55

enamel

Front 56

rigid connective tissue covering the bony socket that holds the root that helps to hold the tooth in place:

Back 56

cementum

Front 57

What is the hardest substance in the body?

Back 57

enamel

Front 58

location of the roots & nerves within the tooth:

Back 58

pulp chamber (in the center, surrounded by dentin)

Front 59

the opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus must pass is called:

Back 59

esophageal hiatus

Front 60

The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach:

Back 60

lower esophageal sphincter (LES);
(also called the cardiac sphincter)

Front 61

the sphincter between the distal, or far, end of the stomah and the small intestine:

Back 61

pyloric sphincter

Front 62

Region of the stomach before the pyloric sphincter:

Back 62

pyloris

Front 63

What are the 2 active components of the gastric juice?

Back 63

hydrochloric acid (HCL), &
pepsin

Front 64

Which gastric component is a strong acid that helps break down protein and destroys foreign organisms?

Back 64

HCL, hydrochloric acid

Front 65

Which gastric component is a protein-digesting enzyme produced in an inactive form and is activated only when food enters the stomach & HCL is produced?

Back 65

pepsin

Front 66

What is the average (living) length of small intestine?

Back 66

10 feet or 3 meters;
(but 20 feet in death (relaxed)