Medical Terminology: Gastroenterology (Ch. 7)

Front 1

Or/o

Back 1

Mouth

Front 2

Stomat/o

Back 2

Mouth

Front 3

Gloss/o

Back 3

Tongue

Front 4

Lingu/o

Back 4

Tongue

Front 5

Bucc/o

Back 5

Cheek

Front 6

Cheil/o

Back 6

Lip

Front 7

Labi/o

Back 7

Lip

Front 8

Dent/o

Back 8

Teeth

Front 9

Odont/o

Back 9

Teeth

Front 10

Gingiv/o

Back 10

Gums

Front 11

Sial/o

Back 11

Saliva, salivary gland

Front 12

Esophag/o

Back 12

Esophagus

Front 13

Pharyng/o

Back 13

Pharynx (throat)

Front 14

Gastr/o

Back 14

Stomach

Front 15

Pylor/o

Back 15

Pylorus, Pyloric sphincter

Front 16

Duoden/o

Back 16

Duodenum

Front 17

Enter/o

Back 17

Intestine (usually small)

Front 18

Jejun/o

Back 18

Jejunum

Front 19

Ile/o

Back 19

Ileum

Front 20

Append/o

Back 20

Appendix

Front 21

Appendic/o

Back 21

Appendix

Front 22

Col/o

Back 22

Colon

Front 23

Colon/o

Back 23

Colon

Front 24

Sigmoid/o

Back 24

Sigmoid colon

Front 25

Rect/o

Back 25

Rectum

Front 26

Proct/o

Back 26

Anus, rectum

Front 27

Hepat/o

Back 27

Liver

Front 28

Cholangi/o

Back 28

Bile vessel

Front 29

Chol/e

Back 29

Bile, gall

Front 30

Cholecyst/o

Back 30

Gallbladder

Front 31

Choledoch/o

Back 31

Bile duct

Front 32

Pancreat/o

Back 32

Pancreas

Front 33

Pharyngitis

Back 33

Inflammation of the pharynx

Front 34

Buccal

Back 34

Pertaining to the cheek

Front 35

Sialolith

Back 35

A calculus or stone formed in the salivary gland

Front 36

Rectocele

Back 36

Herniation or protrusion of the rectum

Front 37

Lingual

Back 37

Pertaining to the tongue

Front 38

Pyloroplasty

Back 38

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

Front 39

Proctodynia

Back 39

Pain in the rectum or anus

Front 40

Jejunorrhaphy

Back 40

Suture of the jejunum

Front 41

Sigmoidotomy

Back 41

Incision of the sigmoid colon

Front 42

Cholelithiasis

Back 42

Formation of calculi or bile stones in the gall bladder

Front 43

Choledochostomy

Back 43

Forming an opening into the common bile duct

Front 44

Cholecystectomy

Back 44

Excision of the gallbladder

Front 45

Thrush

Back 45

Infection of the mouth or throat, especially in infants and young children caused by Candida albicans

Front 46

Achalasia

Back 46

Abnormal condition characterized by inability of muscle to relax, especially cardiac sphincter of stomach

Front 47

Anorexia

Back 47

Lack of loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat

Front 48

Achlorhydria

Back 48

Absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice

Front 49

Cirrhosis

Back 49

Chronic liver disease characterized by the destruction of liver cells

Front 50

Fistula

Back 50

Abnormal tubelike passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity

Front 51

Sigmoidotomy

Back 51

Incision of the sigmoid colon

Front 52

Cholelithiasis

Back 52

Formation of calculi or bile stones in the gall bladder

Front 53

Choledochostomy

Back 53

Forming an opening into the common bile duct

Front 54

Cholecystectomy

Back 54

Excision of the gallbladder

Front 55

Thrush

Back 55

Infection of the mouth or throat, especially in infants and young children caused by Candida albicans

Front 56

Achalasia

Back 56

Abnormal condition characterized by inability of muscle to relax, especially cardiac sphincter of stomach

Front 57

Anorexia

Back 57

Lack of loss of appetite, resulting in inability to eat

Front 58

Achlorhydria

Back 58

Absence of hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice

Front 59

Cirrhosis

Back 59

Chronic liver disease characterized by the destruction of liver cells

Front 60

Fistula

Back 60

Abnormal tubelike passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or to another cavity

Front 61

Volvulus

Back 61

A twisting of the bowel on itself, causing intestinal obstruction

Front 62

Hemorrhoids

Back 62

Dilated, twisted veins in the mucous membrane

Front 63

Pepsin

Back 63

The principle digestive enzyme of gastric juice that begins protein digestion

Front 64

Bilirubin

Back 64

The orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells

Front 65

Distension

Back 65

The state of being distended, swollen, or stretched out

Front 66

Peristalsis

Back 66

Progressive, wavelike contractions that propel foodstuffs through the digestive tract, bile through the bile duct, and urin through the ureters

Front 67

Cholecystokinin

Back 67

A hormone produced by the mucosa of the upper intestine stimulating contraction of the gallbladder and secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Front 68

Defecation

Back 68

Elimination of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum

Front 69

Chyme

Back 69

Semifluid, homogenous, creamy paste produced by gastric digestion of food

Front 70

Oral cavity

Back 70

Beginning of the GI tract, receptacle for food

Front 71

Teeth

Back 71

Organs of mastication

Front 72

Pharynx

Back 72

Structure that serves as a passageway for both food and air

Front 73

Epiglottis

Back 73

Structure that covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs

Front 74

Esophagus

Back 74

Tube that leads to the stomach

Front 75

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

Back 75

Structure that controls passage of food from the esophagus to the stomach; aka cardiac sphincter

Front 76

Pylorus

Back 76

Lower portion of the stomach; aka the antrum

Front 77

Duodenum

Back 77

First part of the small intestine

Front 78

Jejunum

Back 78

Second part of the small intestine

Front 79

Ileum

Back 79

Third part of the small intestine

Front 80

Ascending colon

Back 80

Structure that extends superiorly from the cecum along the right abdominal wall to the inferior surface of the liver

Front 81

Transverse colon

Back 81

Structure that extends across the abdominal cavity

Front 82

Descending colon

Back 82

Structure that descends to the sigmoid colon

Front 83

Anus

Back 83

External opening for the elimination of feces from the body

Front 84

Rectum

Back 84

Portion of the colon attached to the sigmoid colon that is part of the anal canal

Front 85

Leukoplakia

Back 85

Precancerous, slowly developing change in a mucous membrane characterized by white patches

Front 86

Intussusception

Back 86

Inner segment of intestine that has been pushed into another segment

Front 87

Steatorrhea

Back 87

Abnormal amount of fat in the feces

Front 88

Cachexia

Back 88

State of ill health and wasting that may occur in many chronic diseases, malignancies, and infections

Front 89

Antacids

Back 89

Agents that neutralize acid; used to relieve gastritis, indigestion, ulcer pain, and reflux esopagitis

Front 90

Stomach

Back 90

Reservoir for food enabling gradual digestion