Vocal Pedagogy Quiz 2

Front 1

Adduction

Back 1

When the vocal folds are drawn together to close the glottis.

Front 2

Abduction

Back 2

When the vocal folds are drawn apart opening the glottis to stop phonation and for respiration.

Front 3

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

Thyroarytenoid

Back 3

Primary muscle for the production of low-pitched sounds. It shortens and thickens the vocal folds.

Front 4

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

Crycothyroid

Back 4

Primary muscles for producing high pitched sounds and identified typically as head voice in women or falsetto.

Front 5

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

Lateral Cricoarytenoid

Back 5

Aids in Adduction, rotating the arytenoids bringing the vocal processes together, but leaving open a gap.

Front 6

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

Interaytenoid

Back 6

Runs between the two arytenoids, causing the two to slide together, closing the final gap.

Front 7

Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles:

Posterior Cricoarytenoid

Back 7

Aids in abduction, opening the glottis to stop phonation and to maximally open the airway for respiration.

Front 8

Three Principals of Onsets

Back 8

Glottal

Aspirate

Balanced

Front 9

Glottal Onset

Back 9

Glottis is squeezed tightly shut by the adductor muscles; sub glottal pressure is increased until the breath explodes through the glottis.

Front 10

Aspirate Onset

Back 10

Opposite of the glottal onset causing a breathy or soft quality.

Front 11

Balanced Onset

Back 11

When adduction and airflow begin at precisely the same instant.

Front 12

Glottal Offset

Back 12

Stops sound forcefully and tightly adducting the glottis to cut off airflow abruptly.

Front 13

Aspirate Offset

Back 13

When vocal folds are abducted while air continues to flow accompanied by an "H" as the air rushes through the opened glottis.

Front 14

Five Cartilages of the Larynx

Back 14

Thyroid

Cricoid

Arytenoid

Epiglottis

Trachea

Front 15

The Bernoulli Effect

Back 15

An increase in the speed of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

Front 16

The Bernoulli Effect in the voice. 8 steps

Back 16

1. Vocal folds are gentle closed by the muscular forces within the larynx

2. Air pressure increases beneath the closed glottis.

3. Increasing air pressure begins to pen the glottis.

4. The glottis continues to open from bottom to top until air begins to escape.

5. Air begins to flow; the velocity increases and its pressure decreases.

6. Negative pressure supplies additional closing force.

7. Glottis closes again from bottom to top

8. The process repeats again.

Front 17

Changing Pitch

Back 17

Vocal folds must be elongated for pitch to ascend and shorten for pitch to descend. Crycothyroid muscles for elongation and Thyroarytenoids for shortening.

Front 18

Stabilizing the Larynx

Back 18

correct larynx positioning should be just slightly below its resting place, assisted by the depressor muscles to maintain a stable laryngeal posture.

Front 19

Changing Dynamics

Back 19

Caused by the thickness of the vocal folds by increasing breath pressure to increase amplitude which occurs through increased contraction in the adductor muscles.