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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Resonance
Spontaneous reinforcement and amplification of tonal vibrations occurring whenever a cavity is tuned to a natural frequency of the fundamental pitch sounded
Fundamental frequency
The number of cycles (vibration waves) per second. The greater the number of vibrations per second the higher the pitch. Fundamental frequency is the lowest frequency of a complex sound wave
Hertz
Unit of measurement of cycles per second named after Gustav Hertz
Timbre
Distinctive quality and character of a tone
Harmonic series
A series of overtones or upper partial of a complex sound which is an integral multiple of fundamental frequency
Condoyle
The hinge point where the jaw intersects slightly with the skull
Sternothyroid muscle
Extrinsic muscle, inserts into hyoid bone from superior part of sternum
Constrictor muscles
3 large pairs of muscles that form the pharyngeal wall, extend from thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone , and bony structure of oropharynx to the esophagus
Tonal placement or focus
The subjective perception of localized tonal sensations, usually sensed in the facial mask
Vowel Formants
The lowest 2 Formants of the sound spectrum determine which vowel is perceived
The singer's formant
When a singer produces the singers ring there is a peak in the spectral envelope
thyroarytenoid muscle
One of the two muscles originating below the thyroidal notch and inserting into each arytenoid cartilage
cricothyroid muscle
Four muscles which attach to the front of the cricoid cartilage and lower the thyroid cartilage in adjustment for higher pitches
Abductors
Separating the vocal folds or opening of the glottis as in inhalation
adductors
Drawing together the vocal folds or closing of the glottis in the act of phonation, to move toward the midline position
Tensors
Lengthening and thinning contraction of cricothyroid causes faster vibration of vocal folds
Relaxers
Shortening and thickening thyroarytenoid contracts and arytenoids are drawn closer to thyroid, thus shortening the vocal folds
Diaphragm
A large dome shaped partition composed of muscle tendon and sinews which separates the abdomen from the thorax and facilitates breathing
Internal and external intercostal muscles
Internal originate from the rib into a higher rib and help with exhalation external originate from a higher rib and insert into a lower rib and help with inhalation
Passaggio
Italian term used for transition between register in all voices
Source filter theory
An explanation of vowel formation based on the source as a sound spectrum produced by the vibrating vocal folds
International Phonetic Alphabet
Are universal system of letters and symbols representing speech sounds
Pharynx
Also called the throat it is the membranous tube connecting the mouth and nasal cavity with the esophagus
chiaroscuro
Bright dark tonal characteristics of a dynamically coordinated and balanced voice