Ap Gov Vocab Chapter 3

Front 1

Block Grants

Back 1

Federal grants given more or less automatically to states or communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services.

Front 2

Categorical Grants

Back 2

Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or categories of state and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as non-discrimination provisions.

Front 3

Cooperative Federalism

Back 3

The system of government in which power and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. They may also share costs, administrations, and even blame the programs that work poorly.

Front 4

Dual federalism

Back 4

A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for policies.

Front 5

Elastic clause

Back 5

The final paragraph of Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to pass all laws necessary and proper to carry out enumerated powers.

Front 6

Enumerated powers

Back 6

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution; for the Congress, these powers are listed in article 1, section 8, and include the power to coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes.

Front 7

Extradition

Back 7

The legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.

Front 8

Federalism

Back 8

A way of organizing a nation so that two levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people. It is a system of shared power between units of government.

Front 9

Fiscal federalism

Back 9

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government relations with state and local governments.

Front 10

Formula grants

Back 10

Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.

Front 11

Full faith and credit

Back 11

A clause in article 4, section 1, of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the official documents and civil judgments rendered by the courts of other states.

Front 12

Implied powers

Back 12

Powers of the federal government that go beyond those in enumerated in the Constitution. The Constitution states that Congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article 1.

Front 13

Mandates

Back 13

Requirements that direct states or local governments to comply with the federal rules under the threat of penalties or as condition of receipt of a federal grant.

Front 14

Privileges and immunities

Back 14

A clause in article 4 section 2, of the Constitution according citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states.

Front 15

Project grants

Back 15

Federal grants given for specific purposes and awarded on the basis of the inheritance of applications. A type of categorical grants available to states and localities.

Front 16

Supremacy Clause

Back 16

Article 6 of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.