Viscera Of The Abdomen

Front 1

Review abdominal wall and arrangements of the peritoneum

Back 1

1. Ant- Rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, transverses abdominus

2. Post- Erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, vertebrae.

3. Superior- thoracic diaphragm

4. Inferior- Pelvis

Front 2

Describe the abdominal viscera

Back 2

1. Liver- major portion in R hypochondrium. Extends to epigastrium and L hypochondrium. Largest organ, with exocrine function. Foregut derivative.

2. Falciform ligament divides left and right lobe anteriorly

3. 4 inferior (visceral view) lobes

4. Porta hepatis (portal vein, bile duct, hepatic artery, lymphatics, autonomic nerves)

5. Bile duct joins pancreatic duct & opens into duodenum 2

Front 3

Outline blood supply to the viscera

Back 3

1. Liver hilum- 70% portal, 30% systemic

2. Gallbladder supplied by cystic artery (from hepatic, liver supplied by hepatic

3. Spleen- Venous drainage (portal system)- splenic vein, SMV. Left hypochondrium. Splenic artery. Coeliac nodes- thoracic duct

4. Splenic flexue- anatomaosis between SMA and IMA. Watershed area prone to ischaemia

Front 4

Understand basis of some common disorders

Back 4

1. Annular pancreas- pancreas developed wrapped around duodenum. Develops by dorsal bud fusing with the ventral bud

2. Omphalocele- hernia in which abdominal organs protrude into a baby's umbilical cord. Due to following process going wrong: Hermiation, rotation (270º around SMA), final disposition

3. Gastroschisis- defect in the anterior abdominal wall through which the abdominal contents freely protrude.

Front 5

Surgery

Back 5

1. Appendectomy/colostomy/ileostomy/cholecystectomy

2. Median incision- Linea alpha incised (long healing time)

3. Paramedian- Rectus sheath incised

4. Grid iron- muscle splitting. McBurney's point (genitofemoral and ileohypogastric nerve at risk)

5. Suprapubic- recctus abdominis

5. Subcostal- risk of damage to intercostal nerves