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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
POINT IN AN INCH
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72
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PICAS IN AN INCH
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6
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POINTS IN A PICA
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12
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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT TO MEASURE LENGTH ON LINE TYPE
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PICA
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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT TO MEASURE HEIGHT ON LINE TYPE
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POINTS
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TRADITIONAL TEXT TYPE SIZE FOR GENERAL READING
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FALL BETWEEN 5 AND 14 POINTS
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POINT SIZE ARE TYPICALLY USED FOR DISPLAY TYPE
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16 POINTS OR LARGER
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5 POINT EASY TO READ?
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FALSE
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POINT SIZE TYPE CONVEYS THE VISUAL IMPRESSION MORE SO THAN THE X-HEIGTH OF THE TYPE
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FALSE
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DIFFERENT TYPEFACES IN SMAE POINT MAY APPEAR LARGER OR SMALLER BECAUSE OFVAIRIATION IN THE X-HEIGHT
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TRUE
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PLACING 60 POINT GARAMOND AND 60 POINT HELVETICA TOGETHER - THEY APPEAR TO BE DEIFFERENTY TYPES SIZES
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TRUE
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TYPEFACES WITH SMALLER X-HIEGHTS APPEAR TO HAVE LESS SPAE BETWEEN LINES OF TYPE THAN TPYFACES WITH LARGE XH-HIEGHT
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FALSE
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ADDITIONAKL SPACE ADDED BETWEEN THE LINES OF TYPE IS CALLED
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LEADING,LINE SPACEING, LINESPACING, LEAD
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HELVETICA 18/20, FIRST FIGURE INDICATES_______ AND SECOND INDICATES _______
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POINT SIZE AND TYPE SIZE LEADING AND LINESPACING
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HOW IS LEADING BETWEEN TWO LINES OF TYPE MEASURED
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FROM BASELINE OF ONE LINE TO BASELINE OF THE NEXT LINES USING POINTS
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NORMAL LETTER AND WORD SPACING IS GENERALLY EASIEST TO READ
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TRUE
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_____IS ADJUSTMENT OF SPACING BETWEEN LETTERS IN WOR D(USUALLY LETTER PAIRS) TO ACHEIVBE MORE CONSISTEN VISIAL SPACING
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KERNING, OR KERN
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ADJUSTING THE SPACE EQUALLY BETWEERN ALL LETTERS WITHIN A WORD OR SPACE
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TRACKING, TRACK
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Style and arrangement of typeset matter- it is the art of designing with type
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Typography
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tYPOGRAHPY BEGAN IN wEST AROUND 1455 when _______ began the craft of printing from individual pieces of type
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JOhannes Gutenberg
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Symbol that rep. an idea/taken multiple meanings: abstract thoughts can be communicated by combining diff. symbols
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Ideograph
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style and arrangement of typeset matter- it is the art of designing with type
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Typography
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Early form of ocmmunication, simple srawings made to communicate visually and reps. objects are called_______________
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Pictographs
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___ is still modern city culture that still uses an evolved version of pictosystem
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China
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_______ were resonsible for evolutionary new concet in written communication that used symbols to rep, speech rather than ideas or objects
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Phoenicians
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Phoeniciasn created system to keep communiction, symbols utilized to create sounds. (existed symbols are require fewer pictographs , letter form written in Faster less time.
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How phoenicians alphabets evolved
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BENEFITS FROM PHOENICIANS IN COMMUNICATIONS WERE
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alph required fewer symbols
written more rapidly easier to learn provided an ideal means of communication |
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Greeks conquered and adapted their Phoenicians alphabets because it was more efficient than their own
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TRUE
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Alphabet that we use is_____
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Roman
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Unchanged letters by Roman of greek alphabet
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13 total: a,b,e,h,i,k,m,n,o,t,x,y,z
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Romans modified once adopted the greek alphabet :
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8 letters total: C,D,G,L,P,R,S,V
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____ letters immediatly added to roman after adopted to greek alph
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F and Q
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Last character to be added in Roman
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J
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Small letters which were a natural outgrowth of writing and rewriting with pen is
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Minuscute
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Capital letters were
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Majuscule
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Humanistic hand a revival of caroligan minusule of nine century and is the basis of our small letter
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TRUTH
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Greek were firs to put spaces between words and they created a variety of symbols for punctuation
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false
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How many symbols used in Phoenician alpha?
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21,22, and 23
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Phoenician Read and wrote from left to right like us
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FALSE
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Phoenicians alpha contained no vowels and only consonants. Greeks added 5 vowels and formalized letter forms.
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TRUE
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An imaginary line upon which the characters seem to be standing
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baseline
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An imaginary line that runs along the top of most lowercase letters.
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Meanline
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The height of the body, or main element, of the lowercase letterform, which falls between the meanline (waistline) and the baseline.
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x-height
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are the part of some lowercase letters that rise above the meanline, such as b, d, or h.
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Ascenders
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_______ are the part of some lowercase letters that falls below the baseline, such as p, q, y, g.
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Descender
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The space that entirely or partially enclosed within a letterform, such as the enclosed bowl of letters b, d, and p.
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counter
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The finishing strokes that project from the main stroke of a letter.
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serifs
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What culture was responsible for the origination of the serif?
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Romans
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Type without serifs is called _____ _____.
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sans serif
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1 out of 1 points
Correct A complete alphabet of caps that are the same size as the body, or x-height, of the lowercase letters. |
small caps
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Small caps are used to create capitals without emphasis, and are typically used for acronyms and to set a.m. and p.m. when typesetting a time of day.
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True
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These are numbers that resemble capital letters by being uniform in height. They are used most often in annual reports, charts, tables and numerically critical information
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modern figures
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These are numbers that are similar in form to lowercase characters in that they vary in size and have ascenders and descenders. They are primarily used when less obtrusive numerals are required, such as within the body of the text.
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old style figures
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Two or more characters joined as a single unit. They are a typographic refinement that compensates for certain letters that set poorly when combined, such as fi, ff, fl, ffi, ffl.
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ligatures
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Variations in weight, width, or slant within the letterforms of a given typeface, oftentimes labeled as roman, italic, bold, condensed, expanded, and so on. |
Typestyle
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Consists of all the characters required to set type: uppercase and lowercase letters, punctuation marks, numerals, and special reference marks are all included. Some also include special characters, such as small caps, ligatures, old style figures, mathematical symbols, and diacritical marks.
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Font
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Refers to the specific design of an alphabet and is identified by a name.
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Typeface
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All the fonts of all the typestyles of a given typeface. For example, Garamond Roman, Garamond Italic, Garamond Bold, etc.
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Type family
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Partial Credit
Please list in order the eight most familiar type classifications. |
old style, Transitional, modern, slab serif,sans serif, script, black letter, decorative
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_______ is the square of the type size and they are used as spacing devices, mainly for first line paragraph indentation.
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em-quad
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________ refers to the amount of space each individual character occupies, measurable in units. This space differs from letter to letter - a lowercase 'i' will have less than an uppercase 'W', unlike spacing that was used when typewriter technology was popular. In a typewriter, the spacing around each of the letters were the same, and created less than desirable letterspacing.
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Set width
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Anatomy of type
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Characters
Uppercase Lowercase Baseline Meanline or waistline X-height Ascender Descender Counter Serif and sans serif Small caps Modern figures Old style figures Ligatures |
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Refers to the specific design of an alphabet
Each typeface is given a name |
Typefaces
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Variations within a typeface
Roman, Italic, Regular, Bold, Light, Condensed, Extended |
Typestyles
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Consists of all characters required to set type: upper and lowercase, numerals, punctuation, and special characters (also refers do the digital file)
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Fonts
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A combination of all of the fonts of all the typestyles available in a given typeface
Example: Helvetica regular, Helvetica Bold, Helvetica Italic, Helvetica Narrow, Helvetica Light, Helvetica Condensed, Helvetica Extended |
Type Families
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Typefaces are placed in several classifications - Old Style, Transitional, Modern, Slab Serif, Sans Serif, Script, Black Letter, Decorative
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Type Classifications
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units used to measure type size, leading, tracking, kerning, line thickness, etc.
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pOINTS
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unit(s) used to measure line lengths/column widths
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pICAS
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Spaces that are equal to either an ‘m’ or an ‘n’ in the typeface used
1-em is the typical amount of space for the indent of the first line of a paragraph |
Em- and En-quads
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Garamond
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Garamond, Claude from France in 1617
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About garamond
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Characteristics: Relatively thick strokes & heavily bracketed serifs
and is an OLD STYLE Typeface, letters are open and round- easy reading |
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Baskerville
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John Baskerville, England, 1757
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About Baskerville
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Refined serifs and greater contrast between thick and thin strokes is an TRANSITIONAL Typeface, pleasant and readable typefaces
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Bodini
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Giambattista Bodoni, Italy, 1788
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About Bodini
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Geometric/vertical stressed based typeface…no longer an organic quality to the characters, yet maintains a classic style. Heavy thick and hairline thins -MODERN TYPEFACE, |
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Slab Serif: Egyptian
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Fonts: Century Expanded, Clarendon, Lubalin Graph
Century: Morris Fuller Benton, U.S., 1895 Clarendon: Hermann Eidenbenz, Germany, 1953 Lubalin Graph: Herb Lubalin, U.S. 1974 Characteristics of Slab Serif: heavily bracketed serifs, or no bracket at all. Little contrast of thick and thin in weight of stem & hairline |
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Sans Serif
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Fonts: Helvetica, Univers, Futura, Optima-No use of serifs
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Decorative & Display Faces
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Fonts: Willow, Industria, Impact, etc-Characteristics: Scripts, inline, outline, contour or shaded, ornate faces, historic faces, illuminated initials, rustic, condensed or extended, “western,” “circus,” etc
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Common Characteristics
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Variations in stress
Variations in stroke Variations in serifs |
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Variations in stress
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Variations in stress
Early typefaces (Garamond) mimicked handwritten calligraphic letterforms and had a diagonal stress Type evolved and letterforms were developed with the stress becoming more vertical (Baskerville) Later, stress became totally vertical (Bodoni) Some fonts (Helvetica) have no stress at all |
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Variations in stress
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Variations in Stroke
The degree of contrast between the thick & thin parts of the letters Old style faces: little contrast between the thick & thin strokes Transitional: refinement & greater contrast between thicks & thins Modern: maximum contrast between thicks & thins After Modern typefaces, there was a return to less contrast, or in some cases a uniformity in strokes |
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Individual Characteristics
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The subtle differences that give a typeface its individuality and character
Identifying typefaces: look at individual characters that contain the most design information (R,T,W or a,e,g) – these characters provide more visual clues than other characters might |
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Notes on typeface design
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There are many manufacturers of type
The same named font (Garamond) may (and should) look different than one of another foundry Some fonts look identical, but have different names (Helvetica, Helios, Vega) Include or turn in the fonts used in your publication, so the person outputting (or grading) your work will use or see exactly what you intended |
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Measuring type in picas
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Line (type) gauge & ruler
Measure type size Measure leading Measure line length We will be using our type gauge today - if you have not purchased yours yet, please see the bookstore |
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5 Classic Typefaces
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Garamond
Bodoni Baskerville Century Expanded Helvetica |
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What culture was responsible for the origination of the serif?
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Roman
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the finishing stroke that project from the main stroke is the
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serif
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type without serif is called
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sans sarif
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a complete alphabet of caps that is the same size of the body, x-height of the lowercase letters is the
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small caps
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Century Expanded
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Egyptian Typeface- WAS FIRST MAJOR AMERICAN TYPEFACE, LARGE x-height and simple forms combined for legible typefaces
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Helvetica
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San Serif so less stress, equal strokes and should always be leaded
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