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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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binary fission |
cell reproduction process of bacteria & archaea |
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cyanobacteria |
oxygen-producing photosynthetic bacteria |
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chlamydias |
bacteria that are intracellular parasites of vertebrates |
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pathogen |
disease-causing agent |
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virus |
noncellular, infectious particle of protein and nucleic acid; replicates only in a host cell |
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assembly |
subunits of capsid join and are packed with genetic information |
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methanogen |
produces methane gas as a metabolic byproduct |
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endospore |
resting structure formed by some soil bacteria; contains a dormant cell and is highly resistant to adverse conditions |
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chemoheterotroph |
organism that obtains both energy and carbon by breaking down organic compounds |
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decomposer |
breaks organic wastes and remains down into their inorganic subunits |
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viroid |
small, noncoding, infectious RNA |
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transduction |
form of horizontal gene transfer in which bacteriophages transfer DNA between cells |
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conjugation |
form of horizontal gene transfer in which a bacterial or archaeal cell passes a plasmid to another |
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horizontal gene transfer |
transfer of genetic material by a mechanism other than inheritance from a parent or parents |
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5 steps of viral replication |
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epidemic |
disease outbreak that occurs in a limited region |
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attachment |
virus attaches to host cell by adhering to receptor molecule on cell's surface |
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photoautotroph |
obtains carbon from carbon dioxide and energy from light |
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spirochetes |
lineage of bacteria shaped like a stretched-out spring |
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viral reassortment |
two related viruses infect the same individual and swap genes |
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synthesis |
host cell produces multiple copies of viral genome and builds the virus's proteins |
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plasmid |
a small ring of DNA replicated independently of the chromosome |
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chemoautotroph |
uses carbon dioxide as its carbon source and obtains energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules |
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capsid |
protein coat surrounding viral genetic material |
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photoheterotroph |
obtains carbon from organic compounds and energy from light |
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pilus |
protein filament that projects from the surface of some bacterial and archaeal cells |
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archaea |
more recently discovered and less well-known lineage of unicellular organisms without a nucleus |
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retrovirus |
virus whose RNA is used as a template to produce double-stranded viral DNA within a host cell |
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bacteriophage |
virus that only infects bacteria |
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nucleoid |
DNA-containing region of a bacterial or archaeal cell |
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release |
new viruses leave host cell |
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transformation |
a form of horizontal gene transfer in which DNA is taken up from the environment |
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emerging disease |
disease that is relatively new to a species or has recently expanded its range |
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nitrogen fixation |
incorporation of nitrogen gas into ammonia |
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extreme halophile |
adapted to life in a highly salty environment |
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lytic pathway |
virus replicates itself inside host cell, causing it to burst; kills cell quickly |
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pandemic |
disease outbreak with cases worldwide |
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penetration |
viral genetic material enters the host cell |
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extreme thermophile |
adapted to life in a very high-temperature environment |
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proteobacteria |
most diverse bacterial lineage; includes species that carry out photosynthesis & fix nitrogen |
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bacteria |
more diverse and well-known lineage of unicellular organisms without a nucleus |
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lysogenic pathway |
viral DNA becomes integrated into host's chromosome & is passed to host's descendants |
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prokaryote |
member of lineage with no nucleus; bacteria and archaea |
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disease vector |
animal that transmits a pathogen from one host to the next |
