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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Virus kingdom and domain? |
None |
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Obligate Intracellular Parasite |
Requires a host cell to reproduce inside of |
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Non Cellular |
1) No cell membrane 2) No Cytoplasm 3)No Enzymes 4)No ATP 5)They do have nuclei acid DNA or RNA never both. 4 types of viruses DNA; single or double stranded RNA= single or double stranded 6)Reproduce only inside a host cannot reproduce on its own |
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Classification of Viruses |
-Base on their nucleic acid -RNA or DNA never both -Single or Double stranded |
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Size of virus |
Nanometers = 1x10-9 |
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Strain specific |
T4 Phage----->E.coli B <---strain |
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What do you call a virus colony? Give definition of plaque |
Virus colony is called a Plaque -Plaque=Billions of viruses originating from one virus |
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List the 5 different virus shapes |
1)Helical/Filamentous 2)Polyhedral/Icosahedral (diamond shape) 3)Cuboidal 4)Round 5)Complex shape (looks like a space ship) |
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Viral Morphology |
-Nucleic acid; RNA or DNA Sing or double stranded -Capsid;Proteins and subunits Capsomeres -Envelope; Optional phospolipid bi-layer, common in human and animal virus -Spikes;Optional function; Helps with adherence |
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Are Viruses living or non living? Explain |
A. Not Living 1. Cannot reproduce without a host 2. No cell membrane 3. No cytoplasm 4. No Enzymes 5. No ATP production 6. Have only DNA or RNA nucleic acid not both and they come in single or double stranded B. Living 1. Can reproduce 2. Only one type of nucleic acid 3. C,H,O,N elements present 4. 4 basic Macromolecules -Proteins -Lipids -Nucleic Acid -Carbohydrates |
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High temp on Viruses |
Denatures Capsid -Inactivates Viruses |
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Cold Temps (liquid nitrogen cold) On Viruses |
No effects |
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pH (Extream)On Viruses |
Denatures Proteins inactivates virues |
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Desiccation/ Drying out On Viruses |
No effects on viruses |
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Disinfectants/AntisepticsOn Viruses |
No effects except oxidizing reagents Bleach, H2O2 -Breaks hydrogen bonds Denatures proteins |
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Antibiotic |
No effect |
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U.V LightOn Viruses |
No effects Surface sterilization only |
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How are Viruses Cultivated |
Use Chick embryos for large amounts of viruses production for vaccines |
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Cell Cultures/Cell Lines |
1)Organ cut 2)Tissue section 3)Separate individual cells using enzymes 4)Put Cells in petri dish with nutrient Broth 5)Results are Cell lines Layers of cells |
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Bacterial cultures (Plaque Assey Method) |
A) T4 +Phage B)E.coli B <--strain+T4 phage C)Melted agar D) E.coli lawn Growth of E.coli infected with viruses |
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Types of host infected by viruses |
1)Animal/Humans viruses 2)Plant- Plant viruses 3)Bacteria- Bacteriophage/Phage |
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What are the 3 types of Classification of viruses? |
1)Type of Host infected (Animal, plant, bacteria) 2)Tissue Affinity? 3)Type of Nucleic acid (Most specific way to classify viruses) |
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Nuerotrophic Viruses |
A. Polio B. Rabies C. Herpes Simplex I (cold sores Dormant in spinal fluid Latent never goes away) |
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Dermatotrophic Viruses (Effects skin) |
1)Herpes simplex I (cold sores) 2)Chickenpox 3)Measels |
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Viscerotrophic Viruses |
Hepatitis |
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Pneumotrophic Viruses |
1)Influenza 2)Cold virus |
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Type of Nucleic Acid |
1) DNA A. Single stranded B. Double stranded 2) RNA a. Single stranded b. Double stranded |
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Parvoviruses (Single stranded DNA) |
Gastroenteritis, Fatal death |
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Adenovirus (Double stranded DNA) |
Respiratory infections -tumors in animals |
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Papillomavirus (Double stranded DNA) |
-Human warts -Benign tumors -Genitals warts -Causes cervical cancer (STD) |
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Orthopoxvirus (Poxvirus) (Double stranded DNA) |
-Transmission Respiratory secretions -Small pox -Cow pox
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Herpes Simplex (HSV) 1 Virus (Double stranded DNA) |
-Fever blisters -Cold sores -Respiratory secretions -Latent infection -Polyhedral Enveloped |
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Herpes simplex 2 virus (Double stranded DNA) |
Transmission: STD Latent Never goes away -Genital herpes -Cervical Cancer -Herpes of new born and fetus; can cause blindness deafness, and death |
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Varicella Zoster Virus (herpes virus 3) (Double stranded DNA) |
Chicken pox |
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Herpes Zoster (Double stranded DNA) |
Shingles |
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Epstein-Barr virus (Double stranded DNA) |
Infectious Mononucleosis -Chronic fatigue Syndrome -Trans; Respiratory secretions -Saliva kissing |
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Hepadnavirus (Hepatitis B virus) (Double stranded DNA) |
-Trans; Body fluid, Saliva, and Genital secretions -Chronic progression of liver disease |
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What is an enterovirus? |
Enteris=Live in colon so virus that is found in the colon |
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Hepatitis A Virus (Single stranded RNA) Smallest RNA Virus |
Trans; Orals fecal route -Liver disease (Non Chronic) Tx: preformed antibodies (Gamma Globulin) |
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Poliovirus (Single stranded RNA) |
Disease; Poliomyelitis (Polio) -Causes paralysis -Die from respiratory failure |
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Polio Salk Vaccine |
Inactivated Vaccine -Lower immune response -Pieces of capids |
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Polio Sabin Vaccine |
-Genetically altered Microbe Add immune response Mutation (RNA mutations Remove Virulant gene) |
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Rhino virus (Cold Virus) (Single stranded RNA) |
-Common Cold -Bronchitis -No vaccine -Trans: Hand to Mouth |
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Hepatitis E Virus (Single stranded RNA) |
-Liver infection (liver disease) -Short term non Chronic -Tran: oral fecal route |
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Arboviruses (Single stranded RNA) |
Trans: Arthropods; Spiders, mosquitoes -Eastern Equine Encephalitis -Horses infection in Brain
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Rubella Virus (Single stranded RNA) |
-Rubella (German Measles) -Mild infection for adults -Trans: respiratory secretions -Vaccines available -Can cross placenta and cause births defects -First trimester of pregnancy 35% chance of birth defect ie CNS or other organs |
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Hepatitis C Virus (Single stranded RNA) |
-Trans:Body fluids -Hepatitis (Chronic liver disease) -Tattoos -Blood transfusion |
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Influenza Virus A, B, C, (Single stranded RNA) |
-Influenza Mutation -Secondary Bacterial Infections -Opportunistic pathogens -Streptococcus pneumonia -Stahphylococcus aureus |
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Paramyxovirus (Single stranded RNA) |
-Mumps Measles (Rubeola) -Very contagious 1;1000 will get encephalitis MMR Vaccine (Rubeola Measles, Mumps, Rubella Measles) |
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Lyssavirus (Rabies ) (Single stranded RNA) |
-Rabies (Fatal if untreated) Encephalitis -Various animals diseases -Contact with saliva from infected animal |
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Filovirus (Ebola Virus) (Single stranded RNA) |
Ebola Fever Hemorrhagic fever -Die in a week -Trans: Respiratory secretions |
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Marburg Virus (Single stranded RNA) |
Ebola virus Genetically engineered will kill in 3 days Hemorrhagic fever |
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Hantavirus (Single stranded RNA) |
-Trans: Rodent dried urine and feces -Pulmonary distress Syndrome -Hemorrhagic fever -60% death rate |
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Bunyavirus (Single stranded RNA) |
Mosquito -California encephalitis virus |
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Hepatitis D Virus (Single stranded RNA) |
Trans: Body fluids -Hepatitis Severe liver damage (Chronic infection) -Requires co-infection of hepatitis B defective RNA virus |
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What are the forms of transmission of hepatitis A, B, C, D, E |
-A and E Are oral fecal route -B, C, and D are bodily fluids |
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Retro virus Oncoviruses (Double Stranded RNA) |
- Tumor cancer cells - Includes all RNA Tumor virus and HIV virus - Includes reverse transcription Viruses that contain Reverse Transcriptase and also a Provirus |
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What is a Provirus. |
Viral DNA that is incorporated into the host Chromosome and never leaves host chromosomes. -DNA incorporated in Chromosome cancer causing genes. |
