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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Adenoviruses

- naked and cubic


- large dsDNA virus that codes for own DNA polymerase and can proofread


- uses protein primers to solve end problem


- E1a protein inhibits the signal transduction pathways that respond to the binding of interferon to the cell surface receptor


- small RNAs block activation of PKR by dsRNA

Arenaviruses

- 1 piece of RNA has both polarities (ambisense)


- does not have poly A

Bacteriophage T4

- complex structure, tail fibers and little spikes


- large dsDNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase (binal) and can proozfread


- forms concatemers by recombination


- concatemers produce terminally redundant genomes


- cleavage is not site specific


- utilizes a headful mechanism for packaging DNA


- replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA


- carries enzyme w.in the virion that modifies host RNA polymerase immediately after infection


- produced new Σ factor to program transcription of its genome


- genome is circularly permitted

Bacteriophage T7

- large DNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase


- forms concatemers during replication via terminal redundancy


- cleavage is site specific (of encapsidation)


- replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA

Bacteriophage ΦX174

- naked cubic


- small DNA virus that uses host DNA synthesis machinary and can proofread


- ssDNA circular genome


- uses rolling circle replication


- replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA

Bacteriophage Φ6

- segmented genome


- transcribed separately to produce monocistronic mRNAs


- is semiconservative

Bacteriophage Φ29

- DNA packaging


- Energy intensive: 1 ATP hydrolyzed for every 2 bp packaged


- replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA

Bacteriophage λ

- small dsDNA virus that uses host DNA machinery and can proofread


-linear genome that circularizes w. cohesive ends


- uses rolling circle replication


- cleavage is site specific (of encapsidation)


- genome of virus is infectious


- replicates using cellular RNA to form +mRNA

Bunyavirus

- RNA is part positive and negative polarity (ambisense)


- Snatch caps are in cytoplasm

Coronavirus

- has 7 genes that each produce 1 mRNA


- genome +RNA = mRNA (directly translated)


- infectious

Filamentous phages

- small ssDNA virus that uses host cell DNA synthesis machinary and can proofread


- ssDNA circular genome


- uses rolling circle replication


- replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA

Flaviviruses

- genome +RNA = mRNA (translated directly)


- infectious

Orthomyxoviruses (influenza A)

- irregular shape and size


- enveloped virus


- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry


- segmented genome


- replicated in nucleus


- Mx1 inhibits transcription of negative strand viruses


- Blocks binding of dsRNA to prevent production of interferons


- Produces protein to inhibitors PKR


- Cannot proofread, high error and mutation rates


- negative strand virus


- carriers RNA polymerase in virion and contains transcriptase


- adheres to first AUG rule by having a segmented genome


- uses RNA splicing for production of some mRNAs


- uses fragment of RNA derived from cellular mRNAs to initiate transcriptase


- exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies


- carries out recombination by segment reassortment

Papilloma Virus

- small dsDNA virus that uses host DNA synthesis machinary


- dsDNA circular genome

Papovaviruses (SV40, polyoma)

- small DNA virus uses host DNA synthesis machinery (enzyme from host cell)


- dsDNA circular genome- can proofread

Paramyxoviruses (Measles, Sendai)

- direct fusion entry


- negative strand virus


- carries RNA polymerase in virion

Parvoviruses (Adeno-Associated/AAV)

- ssDNA virus that relies on DNA polymerase from host cell??


- have hairpin ends to solve the end problem


- single stranded w. both polarities


- can proofread


- has squence-specific virally encoded nuclease during replication


- replication occurs in the nucleus to form dsDNA to form +mRNA



Picornaviruses (polio and rhinoviruses)

- naked and cubic


- ssRNA


- very narrow host range (mostly human): cells in intestinal mucosa, lymphoid tissues and certain neuronal cells


- monoclonal antibodies prevent polio from attaching


- protease cleaves PKR or produces a protein that inhibits PKR production


- replication and copy choice recombination


- genome is infectious


- receptor has been cloned


- can serve directly as an mRNA


- adheres to First AUG Rule by synthesizing a polyprotein


- exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies

Poxviruses

- large dsDNA virus that codes for own DNA polymerases in the cytoplasm


- have continuous ends to solve end problem


- sequence-specific virally-encoded nuclease


- carries an RNA polymerase in the virion

Reoviruses

- segmented genome


- makes proteins to bind to and disable dsRNA to interfere with interferons


- regulates relative abundance of its gene products by producing a subgenomic mRNA


- synthesizes mRNAs by a conservative mechanism


- carries out recombination by segment reassortment


- segmented genome- transcribed separately to produce monocistronic mRNAs


- is conservative

Retroviruses (HIV-1)

- direct fusion entry (HIV-I)


- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry (retrovirus)


- Cannot proofread, high error rate, low fidelity


- RNA genome uses DNA intermediate


- 2 steps in replication: - reverse transcriptase: dsDNA can proofread +RNA-> -DNA-> +/-DNA


- Small multiple mutations increase chances for lethal mutations


- carries DNA polymerase in virion


- binds to PKR directly


- exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies

Rhaboviruses

- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry


- negative strand virus


- carries RNA polymerase in virion


- exhibits the phenomenon of quasispecies

RNA Bacteriophage

- genome +RNA = mRNA (translated directly)


- infectious

Rabacco Mosaic Viruses

- naked and helical

Togaviruses

- receptor-mediated endocytosis entry


- positive strand virus


- genome +RNA = +mRNA (translated directly)


- infectious

Hepatitis B

- terminal protein inhibits the signal transduction pathways that respond to the binding of interferon to the cell surface receptor to stop interferons


- starts as dsDNA and relies on reverse transcriptse


- dsDNA -> +RNA -> -DNA -> dsDNA -> +mRNA

Filovirus

PLACE HOLDER

Herpesviruses

- direct fusion and receptor-mediated endocytosis entry


- large DNA virus that codes for its own DNA polymerase and can proofread


- linear genome that circularizes with blunt end ligation


- uses rolling circle replication


- synthesizes 2'5' oligo A analogs to block activation of RNase L


- Activates a phosphatase that removes phosphate from eIF-2a