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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pH?
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It is a scale representing relative concentrations of hydrogen ions in a solution.
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Hydrogen ions (H+) are?
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Acidic!
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What is the number range on the pH chart? Which is acidic and which is basic?
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0 is the most acidic, and 14 is the most basic.
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The lower the pH the more?
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H+ (Acidic - Lower on Chart)
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What is the Normal mammalian pH?
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Approximately 7.4, slightly basic.
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What is a substance which helps keep the pH at the correct level?
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Buffers
Example: Bicarbonate Carbonic acid -> Bicarbonate -> Carbonate |
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What the outermost shell of electrons in an atom has too many or too few electrons the atom is called a?
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Ion!
Negative ion - too many electrons. Positive ion - too few electrons |
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A full electron shell equals?
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Stability
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Ions are attracted to their opposite and like to make the outermost?
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electron shell full.
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Multiple atoms bonded together are?
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Molecules
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The electron shells of the individual atoms in a molecule contribute to the molecules?
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Polarity
Think of a magnet, one end is positive and the other negative. |
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Carbon has how many electrons in out shell?
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Four!
Wants to have 8. |
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Carbon molecules form?
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chains, rings and branches.
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What is the most important monosaccharide in the body?
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Glucose
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Words of sugars always end in?
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"ose"
Glucose Fructose |
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Glycogen and Cellulose are a form of fuel storage. What is the big word term for this?
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Carbohydrates
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A fat that cannot be synthesized by the cell and must be provided in the diet is?
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Essential Fatty Acids
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What are the four main groups of lipid - fats, that are important for living organisms>?
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Triglyceride
Phospholipids Steroids Eicosanoids |
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Triglyceroides provide?
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Energy use and Storage
Insulation and protection |
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What do phospholipids do?
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Have two ends one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic. They create the "Lipid Bilayer"
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Steroids are?
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Hydrophobic, non-polar.
They can be used to make another. |
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What do Eicosanoid lipids do?
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They mediate complex chemical processes.
They have a hairpin formation. |
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The building blocks of Proteins are?
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Amino acids
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Enzymes always end in?
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"ase"
Lipase Dehdrogenase |
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This acid is located in the nucleus or mitochondria?
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
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What are the three types of Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)?
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Transfer
Messenger Ribosomal |
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What is a single cell organism without a nuclei?
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A Prokaryote
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What is a cell with a nucleas and found in all multicellular organisms?
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Eukaryotes
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What is a semi-permeable membrane which acts as a barrier between the cytoplasm and the enviornment called?
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Cell Membrane
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What is the inner substance of the cell, ecluding the nucleus called?
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Cytoplasm
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What are the organelle within the cytoplasm that are the powerhouse of the cell? They produce and store ATP!
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Mitochondrion
Mitochondria |
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What is part of the cell responsible for protein synthesis?
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Ribosomes
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What part of the cell packages and alters substance for secretion or internal use?
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Golgi apparatus
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What part of the cell transports and store materials in the cell? It also synthesis lips, carbs, and scretory proteins?
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Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
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What part of the cell acts as garbage disposal?
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Lysosome
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What part of the cell separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm? It also controls movement in/out of the nucleus.
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Nuclear Envelope
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What part of the cell contains the DNA of the cell. Also controls cell metabolism and protein synthesis.
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Nucleus
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What acts as a cellular skeleton providing microtubules and strength?
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Cytoskeleton
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What are small hair like structures that are responsible for movement of a cell or movement of material over a cell?
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Cilia and Flagella
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Active Membrance Processes require?
Processes: Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis |
ATP! Requires Energy!
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What is a Resting Membrane Potential?
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A result from charged ions within the intracellular and extracellular enviornments.
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What is the time period between cell division called?
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Interphase
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What is cell dividision and replication of somatic cells called?
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Mitosis
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What is cell division of ovocytes and sperm called?
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Meiosis
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What are the two categories of cancer and their meaning?
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Benign - Rarely dangerous and doesn't spread.
Malignant - Invasive, Aggressive, and Metastasis |
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A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts.
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Sagittal Plane
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A sagittal plane that divides into equal symmetrical halves?
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Median Plane
(Midsagittal) |
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This plane divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.
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Transverse Plane
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This plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts.
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Dorsal Plane
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Towards the back
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Dorsal
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Toward the belly
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Ventral
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Toward the head.
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Cranial
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Toward the tail
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Caudal
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Toward the tip of the nose.
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Rostral
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The pad. Back aspect of the forelimb.
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Palmar
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The pad. Back aspect of the hindlimb.
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Plantar
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Towards the median plane.
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Medial
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Away from the median plane.
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Lateral
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Toward the body or a point of attachment.
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Proximal
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Away from the body or a point of attachment.
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Distal
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Toward the center of the body or body part.
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Deep / Internal
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Away from the center of the body or part.
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Superficial / External
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Towards the center on a limb. (Deep)
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Axial
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Away from the center of a limb. (Superficial)
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Abaxial
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Types of Recombancy
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Dorsal
Ventral Sternal Lateral |
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Planes
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Know These!
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Second Figure of Planes
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Know all of these!
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