Vet 213 Exam 2

Front 1

What is the genus and species of mice?

Back 1

Mus musculus

Front 2

What is the genus and species of hamsters?

Back 2

Syrian/Golden - Mesocricetus auratus

Chinese - Cricetus griseus

Front 3

What is the genus & species of gerbils?

Back 3

Meriones unguiculatus

Front 4

What is the genus & species of ferrets?

Back 4

Mustela putorius

Front 5

What is the genus & species of the chinchilla?

Back 5

Chinchilla laniger

Front 6

What is the genus & species of the woodchuck?

Back 6

Marmota monax

Front 7

What is the genus & species of the armadillo?

Back 7

Dasypus novemcinctus

Front 8

What is the genus & species of swine?

Back 8

Sus scrofa

Front 9

What is the genus & species of domestic sheep?

Back 9

Ovis Aries

Front 10

What is the genus & species of domestic goat?

Back 10

Capra hircus

Front 11

What is the genus & species of opossum?

Back 11

Didelphis virginiana

Front 12

What is the TPR of the hamster?

Back 12

T: 99.7

P: 310-470

R: 38-110

Front 13

What is the TPR of the gerbil?

Back 13

T: 100.1

P: 260-600

R: 85-160

Front 14

What is the TPR of the ferret?

Back 14

T: 100-104

P: 180-250

R: 33-36

Front 15

What is the TPR of the chinchilla?

Back 15

T: 98.5-100.4

P: 100-150

R: -------

Front 16

What is the TPR of the armadillo?

Back 16

T: 80-97

P: ------

R: ------

Front 17

What is the TPR of the mouse?

Back 17

T: 98.8

P: 427-697

R: 91-216

Front 18

What is the gestational period of the mouse?

Back 18

19 - 21 days

Front 19

What is the estrus cycle length in mice?

Back 19

4 - 5 days

Front 20

What are newborn mice called?

What is the average litter size?

Back 20

•Pups

•7-11pups

Front 21

What is the weaning age of mice?

Back 21

18-21 days

Front 22

What is the average life span of the mouse?

Back 22

1-3 years

Front 23

What is the average weight of male mice? Female?

Back 23

•Male = 24-40g

•Female = 22-63g

Front 24

When do male mice reach sexual maturity? Female?

Back 24

•Male = 50 days

•Female = 50-60 days

Front 25

What is the most popular pet mouse?

Back 25

Swiss Albino Mouse

Front 26

T/F: Mice are born blind and with hair

Back 26

False, they are born without hair but they are blind

Front 27

What are some unique characteristics of the mouse? (5)

Back 27

•Highly prolific

•5 digits on hindlimbs

•4 digits on forelimbs

•Timid

•Tails have sparse hair coat

Front 28

In mice, postpartum estrus occurs ___-___ hours after parturition

Back 28

14-28 hours

Front 29

For mice, breeding generally occurs during the __(morning, night, afternoon, or evening)_____

Back 29

night

Front 30

For mice, ears open within ____ days.

Eyes open between ___-___ days.

Back 30

•3 days

•12-14 days

Front 31

Mature male mice produce a pheromone that will stimulate females to begin estrus within 3 days; this process is called _________ _______

Back 31

Whitten Effect

Front 32

If pregnant female mice are exposed toa new male pheromone within 4 days of breeding, the pregnancy will be aborted; this is called ______ ______

Back 32

Bruce Effect

Front 33

What is the term for a female mouse?

Male?

Back 33

•Doe

•Buck

Front 34

___________ and ___________ are the 2 mating systems involved with mice

Back 34

Monogamous & polygamous

Front 35

What is the avg life span of a hamster?

Back 35

18-36 months

Front 36

What is the avg weight of a female hamster? Male?

Back 36

•Female = 95-130g

•Male = 87-130g

Front 37

Female hamsters reach sexual maturity at _____ days while males reach it at _____ days

Back 37

42 days; 56 days

Front 38

What is the gestation length in hamsters?

Back 38

15-18 days

Front 39

____-____ days is the estrus cycle length in hamsters

Back 39

4-5 days

Front 40

What are baby hamsters called?

What is the average litter size?

Back 40

•Pups

•5-10 pups

Front 41

What is the weaning age for hamsters?

Back 41

19-21 days

Front 42

T/F: Female hamsters are usually larger and more aggressive than males

Back 42

True

Front 43

What are some unique characteristics of hamsters? (7)

Back 43

•Short legs

•Dark ears

•Short tails w/ sufficient hair

•Stout-bodied

•Hibernates

•Rarely bite

•Easy to handle

Front 44

T/F: Hamster pups are born hairless, eyes and ears closed, and have no teeth

Back 44

False; everything else is true but they are born with teeth

Front 45

What is the difference between a female hamsters rear end and a males?

Back 45

Females have more pointed rear end while males have more rounded rear end

Front 46

What is significant about mice & hamster reproduction?

Back 46

Continuously polyestrous

Front 47

If a hamster litter is disturbed within _____ week(s) of birth, the mother will likely eat her pups.

Back 47

1 week

Front 48

T/F: Hamster pups are capable of eating solid foods after 1 week

Back 48

true

Front 49

What 3 things causes hamsters to hibernate?

Back 49

•Restriction of food supply

•Being exposed to temps less than 41*

•Shortening of light cycles

Front 50

Shortly after ovulation, a female hamster will produce _______ ________ ___________ ___________

Back 50

creamy white vaginal discharge

Front 51

What are unique characteristics of gerbils?

Back 51

•Long, slim body

•Long hindlimbs that allow them to stand upright & jump high

•Very little H2O intake b/c most water is obtained through a food source

•Tail completely covered w/ hair

•Secretions from sebaceous glands for marking territory

Front 52

Female gerbils are polyestrous, _____________ ovulators

Back 52

spontaneous

Front 53

T/F: For gerbils, monogamous pairs can be left together for life

Back 53

True

Front 54

What is interesting about the male gerbil's role in reproduction?

Back 54

Assists in caring for the young

Front 55

What are some behavioral characteeristics of gerbils? (8)

Back 55

•Dig a burrow in bedding

•Thump hindlimbs when fearful, excited, or startled

•Not nocturnal

•Best when housed in pairs or groups

•No aggressive tendencies

•Rarely bite

•Highly curious, social & inquisitive

Front 56

What is the gestational period for ferrets?

Back 56

41-42 days

Front 57

What is the avg. ferret litter size?

What is the weaning age?

Back 57

•8

•42-56 days

Front 58

What is the estrus cycle length in ferrets?

Back 58

Continuous

Front 59

When do female ferrets reach sexual maturity? Males?

Back 59

Both female & male = 9 - 12 months

Front 60

What is the avg life life span of ferrets?

Back 60

5-8 years

Front 61

What is the avg weight of male ferrets? Female?

Back 61

•Male = 1000-2000kg

•Female = 600-900kg

Front 62

What type of feed should ferrets be given?

Back 62

Commercial ferret chow or cat food (>30% protein) is preferred and is given in heavy bowls

Front 63

Describe husbandry for ferrets:

Back 63

•Next boxes or towels available for burrowing

•Temp must remain below 80 degrees to prevent a heat stroke from occurring.

Front 64

What is the gestation length for chinchillas?

Estrus cycle length?

Back 64

105-118 days

30-50 days

Front 65

What is the avg litter size for chinchillas?

When are they weaned?

Back 65

1-6 pups

42-56 days

Front 66

When do male & female chinchillas reach sexual maturity?

Back 66

8 months

Front 67

Avg life span of chinchilla?

Back 67

10-20 years

Front 68

Avg weight of male chinchilla? Female?

Back 68

Male = 400-500g

Female = 400-600g

Front 69

Unique characteristics of chinchillas

Back 69

-Sensitive to warm weather, humid climates

-More hair per sq. inch of skin than any other animal

-Heat stroke is common

-Requires a daily dust bath of sand and earth for cleaning

Front 70

What type of research are chinchillas involved in?

Back 70

Auditory research b/c of large tympanic bulla

Front 71

What type of feed is provided for chinchillas?

Back 71

-Commercial feed available

-Alfalfa/timothy hay should be supplemented

Front 72

What type of feed is provided for woodchucks?

How are they housed?

Back 72

-Commercial rodent chow

-Housed in rabbit style cages

Front 73

What type of research are woodchucks used in?

Back 73

used in research for discovery of treatments for hepatitis & liver cancer

Front 74

What type of research are armadillos used in?

Back 74

Human leprosy

Front 75

What are unique characteristics of armadillos?

Back 75

-Birth quadruplets

-Body temp enables Mycobacterium leprae to grow

-Like to dig & burrow so should be housed in solid bottom cages w/ thick bedding

Front 76

What are some characteristics of swine?

Back 76

-Friendly, social, docile

-Do well in group housing

-React poorly to stress & improper handling

Front 77

What type of research is swine involved in?

Back 77

Cardiovascular repair & dermal research

Front 78

Farm breeds & minipigs are used in research

Back 78

-Farm pigs can weigh in excess of 500 pounds

-Minipigs will weigh b/w 200&250 pounds

Front 79

What research studies are domestic sheep and goats involved in?

Back 79

Orthopedic, cardiovascular & pulmonary studies

Front 80

What are some characteristics of domestic sheep & goats?

Back 80

-Social animals that do well in groups

-To move, are herded rather than led or pulled

Front 81

What restraint technique is used on domestic sheep & goats?

Back 81

Herding & being lifted & set on their rumps

Front 82

What is the most common disease in domestic sheep & goats?

Back 82

Contagious ecthyma (soremouth)

-Pustular, scabby lesions on muzzle and lips in lambs and kids

-decr. nursing

this is a zoonotic disease

Front 83

What is unique about opossums?

Back 83

-Marsupials that have an abdominal pouch (marsupium)

-Housing is complicated due to aggression & odor

Front 84

What type of research are opossums used in?

Back 84

Research involving embryonic development

Front 85

What are some unique characteristics of amphibians?

Back 85

-Require a heat source

-Highly glandular, permeable skin; mucus glands keep skin moist which allows respiration ~ graunlar glands secrete toxins as a primary defense

-Carnivorous

Front 86

What type of feed should be provided for amphibians?

Back 86

Pelleted feed b/c they are carnivorous

Front 87

What type of research are amphibians involved in?

Back 87

Research for pharmacology, limb regeneration, embryology, & skin permeability

Front 88

Explain husbandry of amphibians

Back 88

-Should be kept in aquarium w/ wet & dry areas

-Spring or conditioned tap H2O can be used for housing

-H2O should be changed several times/wk & cage cleaned weekly w/ soft brush

-Environmental temp. varies based on species

-Group/individual housing is based on species

Front 89

How should amphibians be handled/restrained?

Back 89

-Can be caught w/ net

-Handle w/ wet hands or gloves to prevent skin abrasion

Front 90

What are unique characteristics of reptiles?

Back 90

-Absence of eyelids, external ear openings & urinary bladder

-Req. heat source

-Fed every 1-2 wks w/ dead prey

-Ecdysis = Shedding of skin several times/yr

~caused by hormonal control & growth; if healthy, shed in one pc.

~become aggressive @ this time

~difficulty shedding (dysecdysis) occurs when temp & humidity are low, malnourished

Front 91

How are turtles housed?

Back 91

-Aquarium style tank that is scrubbed/rinsed weekly

-Receive commercial food 2-3 times/wk

Front 92

What type of research are turtles involved in?

Back 92

Used in research to observe effects of temp changes on HR, RR, & GI motility

Front 93

What is significant about turtles?

Back 93

Harbor Salmonella

Front 94

What type of research are fish involved in?

Back 94

Research for vision, aging, neuroscience, toxicology, leukemia, & locomotion of cells

Front 95

What type of research are hamsters used in?

Back 95

Diabetes, leprosy & brucellosis

Front 96

Research gerbils are used in?

Back 96

Endocrine function, lipid metabolism, & radiobiolgy - resistance to radiation

Front 97

Describe husbandry for gerbils:

Back 97

-Housed in shoebox cages

-Cage cleaning performed weekly b/c of decr. amnt of wastes

-Temp maintained at 65-75* w/ humidity at 40-60%

Front 98

Nutritional feed given to gerbils:

Back 98

Commercial feed w/ supplementation of fresh veggies & sunflower seeds

Front 99

What are the common diseases for gerbils?

Back 99

-Tyzzer's

-Salmonellosis

-Endoparasites

-Ectoparasites such as Staph or Demodex

Front 100

Describe husbandry for hamsters:

Back 100

•Solitary animals in shoebox cages w/ bedding of either hardwood shavings, corn cobs, or shredded paper

•Temp. b/w 65&70 degrees

•Humidity b/w 50-60%

•Given commercial feed in bowl or on cage floor.... they will store food in cheek pouch and move it to a more preferred location

Front 101

Common bacterial diseases of hamsters:

Back 101

•Proliferative Ileitis aka "Wet tail". Most common disease of hamsters. caused by Lawsonia intracellularis. Signs of depression, anorexia, dehydration, watery diarrhea, and moist matted fur on tail&ventral abdomen

•Enteritis caused by salmonella or campylobacter jejuni. Diarrhea is clinical sign

•Tyzzer's disease

•Pneumonia

Front 102

Viral disease of hamsters:

Back 102

Lymphocytis choriomeningitis transmitted through bite wounds, across the placenta, & through aerosol. Signs of convulsions, photophobia, & weakness

****HAS ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL

Front 103

Describe restraint of ferrets:

Back 103

•Pick up under thorax & cradle

•Grasp loose skin over neck & hold animal suspended until it calms down

•Move hand across shoulders w/ thumb under the chin; other hand is restraining on backend.

Front 104

Common diseases of ferrets:

Back 104

•K-9 distemper shows signs such as bronchopneumonia, hyperkeratosis of footpads, photophobia, oculonasal discharge, and rash on chin & inguinal area

•Rabies shows clinical signs of nervous sys. abnormalities

•Bacterial diseases such as Helicobacter, E.Coli, Staph, Mycobacterium, & Clostridium

•Parasites such as Eimeria, Toxocara, Dipylidium, & Ancylostoma

Front 105

In mice, postpartum estrus occurs ___-___ hours are parturition

Back 105

14-28 hours

Front 106

Breeding systems of mice:

Back 106

Same as with rats

•Intensive (most common) - polygamous or monogamous, housing of male & female together at all times

•Non-intensive - separate housing of male & female while she is pregnant; rebreeding does not occur until litter is weaned

Front 107

Other than manual restraint of mice the following can be used:

Back 107

Envelopes, plastic restraint devices

Front 108

Common viral diseases of mice:

Back 108

•Mousepox - highly contagious virus seen in very young or old mice; signs are conjunctivitis, swelling of face or extremities, dehydration, diarrhea, and rashes leading to swelling & necrosis

•Mouse hepatitis virus - aka "coronavirus" that is transmitted through direct contact, fomites, transplacentally, and oral-nasal route; signs ar jaundice, tremors, dehydration, & diarrhea

•Lymphocytic choriomeningitis - seen in 100% wild mice. transmitted through transplacentally, bite wounds, or aerosol; signs are weakness, photophobia, & convulsions. *******HAS ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL

Front 109

What types of research are mice involved in?

Back 109

•Genetics •Organ transplantation

•Oncology •Physiological disorders

•Virology •Diabetes

•Toxicology •Autoimmune disease

•Obesity •Behavior

•Renal disease

Front 110

What are the 2 types of NWP?

Back 110

Marmosets & Tamarins

Front 111

What are the 3 types of OWP?

Back 111

Baboons, Squirrel monkey & spider monkey

Front 112

What are NHP used for in research?

Back 112

•Male-patterb baldness

•Diabetes

•Atherosclerosis

•Surgeries

•New treatments

•HIV/AID Viral Hepatitis

•Diagnositc techniques

Front 113

Who controls the use of NHP in research?

Back 113

Interagency Primate Steering Committee

Front 114

____(3 words)____ requires the development & implementation of plans that promote physiological well-being as well as provided enrichment

Back 114

Animal Welfare Act

Front 115

Give some reproduction characteristics of NHP:

Back 115

•Polyestrus

•OWP cycle lasts for 1 month

Front 116

What are the breeding systems of NHP?

Back 116

•Timed mating - animals housed individually & female is placed in cage just before ovulation occurs

•Harem mating - one male to a group of females

•AI

•Free-range mating - All are housed together in adeq. space

•Paired mating - animals paired & female is observed daily for signs of estrus: ultrasound, rectal exam

Front 117

What are housing conditions for NHP?

Back 117

•Cages are stainless steel w/ grid floor and an automatic watering system

•Cleaned one time per day

•Sufficient shelter provided in outdoor area

•Indoor temp ranges from 64-84 degrees; humidity ranges 30-70%

•Individual systems include squeeze system

Front 118

What are the nutritional needs of NHP?

Back 118

•Omnivores so plants make up large % of diet

•H2O always available through automatic waterers or water bottles

•Food: commercial diets are provided but must be used w/in 90 days of milling b/c of Vit C req; supplement is provided w/ veggies & fruit

Front 119

Restraint/handling techniques used on NHP:

Back 119

Use minimal restraint preferred to minimize animal's stress

•Collar & catch pole method - used w/ +ve reinforcement. pole attached to each handle of plastic or aluminum collar housed w/ animal. handlers pick up animal by pole & place onto restraint table where collar is then secured to table

•Squeeze cage - animal is in squeeze cage and arms are pulled back until their elbows touch; however, there is an incr in risk of injury due to feet & tail.

Front 120

What is Tuberculosis in NHP?

Back 120

Common bacterial disease that causes resp disease. Most common in OWP

Clinical signs: diarrhea, jaundice, resp distress, lethargy, weight loss, & unthriftiness

Transmitted via aerosol or from bites, scratches, or bodily fluids

Front 121

What are the 5 types of bacterial disease Gastroenteritis?

Back 121

•Shigellosis

•Campylobacteriosis

•Salmonellosis

•Pseudotuberculosis

•Helicobacteriosis

Front 122

Gastroenteritis Shigellosis

Back 122

Clinical signs: Dehydrated, emaciated, rectal prolapse, abdominal pain, severely ill, & foul smelling liquid stool from blood, mucous & necrotic colon

Transmission: fecal-oral route

Front 123

Gastroenteritis Campylobacteriosis

Back 123

Primarily in OWP

Clinical signs: watery diarrhea & severe dehydration

Transmission: fecal-oral route

Front 124

Gastroenteritis Salmonellosis

Back 124

Clinical signs: same as Shigellosis except there is also vomiting

Transmission: fecal-oral route

Front 125

Gastroenteritis Pseudotuberculosis

Back 125

Clinical signs: Diarrhea & depression

Transmission: contaminated feed (rodents & birds)

Front 126

Gastroenteritis Helicobacteriosis

Back 126

Clinical signs are absent and only vomiting is seen

Front 127

What is Herpesvirus in NHP?

Back 127

Viral disease of Herpes simplex 1 and Herpes B

Clinical signs of Herpes simplex 1: conjunctivitis, meningitis, encephalitis, & oral lesions

Clinical signs of Herpes B: oral/genital ulcers, conjunctivitis, & asymptomatic

Transmission of both: bites, bodily fluids & scratches

Front 128

What is Hepatitis in NHP?

Back 128

Viral disease that comes in 5 different types

Clinical signs: asymptomatic

Transmission: aerosol, bodily fluids, & oral-fecal route

Front 129

What is Measles in NHP?

Back 129

Viral disease that shows clinical signs of eyelid inflammation, rash on the chest/lower body, and nasal & ocular discharge

Front 130

What is Poxvirus in NHP?

Back 130

viral disease that shows clinical signs of pruritic lesions

Front 131

What is Simian Hemorrhagic Fever in NHP?

Back 131

Viral disease that is highly contagious

Clinical signs: fever, asymptomatic, cyanosis, epistaxis, dehydration, & facial edema

Front 132

What is Retrovirus in NHP?

Back 132

Viral disease that is made up of 6 different viruses

Clinical signs: asymptomatic, lymphoma, anemia, & pneumonia

Transmission: bodily fluids

Front 133

Parasites in NHP:

Back 133

Blood parasites- Malaria & toxoplasmosis

Gastrointestinal- Protozoan & Nematode

Ectoparasites- Lice (sucking louse - Pediculus), Mites (Sarcoptes mange), and Flease (Tunga)

Front 134

What is Branhamella in NHP?

Back 134

Blood nose syndrome

Front 135

What are the housing requirements for the avian?

Back 135

•Stainless steel is the most common cage material; should not be made of galvanized metal b/c birds are sensitive to zinc toxicity

•Bottom should be lined w/ paper

•Should have perch

Front 136

What are the nutrient req. for the avian?

Back 136

Diet must contain variety of foods such as:

•Fresh seeds-can be found in backyard or garden, grass and plant seeds like Timothy & Ryegrass

•Greens - anything that is high in water and will increase the amount of fluid in the stool prevent diarrhea; mustard, lettuce, spinach, kale, chickweed

•Ripe fruits/veggies should never make up more than 25% of the diet; ex are graps, oranges, peas, carrots, apples, cherries, corn on the cob & green beans

•Table food which causes the bird to try new things; ex are macaroni, baby food, cooked cereal

•Pellets that give various nutrients; adv. are less mess & do not spoil

•Vitamins can be added to drinking H2O or food; ex is Avitron

•Minerals like egg shells, cutbone, & oyster shells

•Liquids ex nectar, orange/grape juice, & fresh H2O

•Grit is not req in birds that hull their seeds; overeating can irritate & obstruct the GI tract so grit must be given in a grit mineral salt mixture

Front 137

What are foods that are off-limits for the avian?

Back 137

•Chocolate - contains theobromine which causes depression, seizures, liver damage, heart probs & death

•Avocado - the toxin Persin, found in the pit, can cause anorexia, dyspnea, lethargy, & death

•Uncooked, undercooked, or reheated meats

•Shellfish

•Caffeinated/alcohol beverages - cause incr. HR, seizures, & hyperactivity

Front 138

What are foods that can be given to birds in moderation?

Back 138

•Dairy - birds do not produce lactose

•Fruits - high in sugar

•High fat foods - can lead to strokes, heart disease, high cholesterol, & hepatic lipidosis

•Chips, cookies, donuts, muffins, cracker, french fries

•High salts - can lead to dehydration, pulmonary edema, enteritis, kidney failure, brain congestion, high BP

Front 139

A healthy bird can tolerate a change in temp of ___-___ degrees

Ideal humidity for birds is ___-___ percent

Sick birds chill readily & need an ambient temp of ___-___ degrees

Back 139

•10-15 degrees

•30-50%

•80-90 degrees

Front 140

Restraint technique for birds?

Back 140

•Restrained w/ towels by grasping bird around neck and securely wrapping rest of body w/ cloth

•When restraining, be careful not to grasp tight around the sternum b/c this will restrict breathing

•If bird shows signs of moderate stress, dyspnea, or overheating, release them & continue later.

•Cat bags can also be used

Front 141

When conducting PE on bird, things to observe from distance are:

Back 141

•Balance - unsteady, wobbly, unable to perch

•Posture - standing erect or slouched, droopy wings, or fluffed up

•Resp - labored breathing, open mouth breathing, sneezing

•Alertness - if they're aware of new surroundings

•Feather condition - dull, ragged

Front 142

Things to determine if a bird is in resp distress you will see:

Back 142

•Extended wings

•Bobbing tail

•Standing/setting in a depressed state w/ feathers fluffer

•Open-break breathing

Front 143

What is molting?

Back 143

Time of stress when there is an incr. of susceptibility to infection

Front 144

Normal droppings of birds consist of:

Back 144

•Urine - clear liquid

•Urates - pasty white substance

•Feces - appears firm, tubular in shape. Normally green in color but varies depending on the diet

Front 145

What is mutilation?

Back 145

The act of birds plucking their own feathers or those of other birds when they get bored or over-stressed

Front 146

Which wings do you clip when performing a wing trim?

What is blood feather?

Back 146

•Clip 8 primary flight feathers

•An immature feather w/ its own blood supply

Front 147

Choanal culture and cloacal culture in birds

Back 147

Cloacal - swabbing to get sample from bird's genitals; this culture will determine if there is any abnormal bacterial growth

Choanal - swabbing choanal slit in oral cavity; will perform this when a bird has resp. problems b/c it will determine what bacteria is present & what meds should be given to treat illness