Vet 213 Exam 1

Front 1

What is the genus and species name of the guinea pig?

Back 1

Genus: Cavia

Species: Cavia porcellus

Front 2

What are the TPR's of the guinea pig?

Back 2

T: 99.0 - 103.1

P: 240 - 310

R: ????

Front 3

What is the gestational period of a guinea pig? What is the average?

Back 3

59-72 days but the average is 68 days

Front 4

What is the average weight of a female guinea pig? Male?

Back 4

•700-900 grams

•900-1200 grams

Front 5

What is the average litter size of a guinea pig? What is the usual?

Back 5

1-13 but 2-4 is usual

Front 6

What are the daily food and water requirements of a guinea pig?

Back 6

•Clean water BOTTLE should be given daily

•Should be fed a high-quality commercial feed (not rabbit feed b/c of its fiber content)

•Also requires additional Vitamin C

Front 7

What is a female guinea pig called? A male? Babies?

Back 7

•Sow

•Boar

•Pups

Front 8

When do female guinea pigs reach sexual maturity? What about males?

Back 8

•2 months

•3 months

Front 9

What is the normal birth weight of pups?

Back 9

70-100 grams

Front 10

What is the term for parturition in a guinea pig?

Back 10

Farrowing

Front 11

What is the weaning age of pups?

A) 12 days or 180 grams in body weight

B) 7 days or 160 grams in body weight

C) 21 days or 180 grams in body weight

D) 13 days or 175 grams in body weight

Back 11

C) 21 days or 180 grams in body weight

Front 12

What is the length of estrous cycle in guinea pigs?

Back 12

15-17 days

Front 13

Name the 6 guinea pig breeds

Back 13

•English

•Peruvian

•Abyssinian

•Silkie

•Teddy

•American Crested Cavy

Front 14

What are the 3 primary breeds of guinea pigs?

Back 14

•English

•Peruvian

•Abyssinian

Front 15

What are the 3 less common breeds of guinea pigs?

Back 15

•Silkie

•Teddy

•American Crested Cavy

Front 16

What breed of guinea pig is used in research? Name two within that breed

Back 16

•English

•Duncan-Hartley, & Hartley

Front 17

Who has the larger anogenital distance? Male guinea pigs or female?

Back 17

Male

Front 18

Female guinea pigs must be bred before the age of _______.

A) 6 months

B) 3 years

C) 4 months

D) 2 years

What occurs if they are not bred before that age?

Back 18

•A) 6 months

•The pelvic symphysis fuses

Front 19

What is the medical term for a guinea pig that presents a copulatory behavior of arching the back and swaying the hindquarters much like a female cat in heat?

Back 19

Lordosis

Front 20

Guinea pig pups are born ___________, _________, and ________________.

Back 20

•Eyes open

•Fully haired

•Capable of eating solid food within hours

Front 21

T/F: Guinea pig ears are hairless

Back 21

True

Front 22

Guinea pigs have _ digits on hind limbs and _ digits on forelimbs

Back 22

3 digits on hind limbs and 4 digits on forelimbs

Front 23

In the thorax of the guinea pig, the right lung is composed of _ lobes while the left lung is composed of _ lobes

Back 23

right lung composed of 4 lobes, left lung composed of 3 lobes

Front 24

Guinea pigs have 4 pairs of salivary glands, what are they?

Back 24

•Parotid

•Mandibular

•Sublingual

•Molar

Front 25

Guinea pigs have ______ distinct vocal patterns

A) 10

B) 13

C) 9

D) 11

Back 25

D) 11

Front 26

How is the dentition of a guinea pig different from other rodents?

Back 26

1 premolar is present in each quadrant

Front 27

In guinea pigs, what is the diastema?

Back 27

The small gap between the molars and premolars

Front 28

What is the palatal ostium in the guinea pig? What is significant about this feature?

Back 28

•A hole in the soft palate that is the opening between the oropharynx and the rest of the pharynx

•Makes endotracheal intubation difficult because it is narrow

Front 29

What is unique about the abdomen of the guinea pig?

What glands are present around the anus? What are they used for?

Back 29

•Liver is divided into 6 lobes

•Sebaceous glands, used for marking

Front 30

What is distinct about the male guinea pig reproductive system? (2)

Back 30

•Os penis is present

•Testes remain in open inguinal canal throughout it's entire life

Front 31

What are some characteristics of guinea pig urine?

Back 31

•Urine is alkaline, highly crystalline

•Color usually appears creamy yellow or white

Front 32

How can gender be determined in guinea pigs?

Back 32

•Females have a Y-shaped depression in perineal area

•Males have scrotal pouch and testes

Front 33

T/F: Ovulation in guinea pigs is spontaneous with estrus lasting 5 to 13 hours

Back 33

False - ovulation IS spontaneous but estrus lasts between 6-11 hours

Front 34

Approximately how long after parturition does postpartum estrus occur in guinea pigs?

Back 34

2-10 hours

Front 35

What order are guinea pigs in?

Back 35

Rodentia

Front 36

T/F: Smaller litters of guinea pigs have shorter gestation periods and larger litters of guinea pigs have longer gestation periods

Back 36

False - Smaller litters have longer gestation periods while larger litters have shorter gestation periods

Front 37

T/F: A copulatory plug made up boar secretions is present to confirm mating of guinea pigs

Back 37

True

Front 38

Guinea pig mothers-to-be ______ nest prior to farrowing, therefore, pending parturition begins by separation of the fused pelvic bones.

A) Do

B)Do not

Back 38

B) Do not

Front 39

Pups should remain with the sow until at least ____ days postpartum

A) 5

B) 9

C) 6

D) 7

Back 39

A) 5

Front 40

For the pup's first week, mothers will stimulate _________ and __________

Back 40

Urination and defecation

Front 41

What guinea pig breed has short, smooth, straight hair?

Back 41

English

Front 42

What guinea pig breed has long and fine hair?

Back 42

Peruvian

Front 43

What guinea pig breed has short, coarse hair that grows in whorls or rosettes?

Back 43

Abyssinian

Front 44

What guinea pig breed has long hair that does not cover the face or part down the back?

Back 44

Silkies

Front 45

Guinea pig breeding programs may use _________ or __________ systems

Back 45

Intensive or nonintensive

Front 46

Which system uses the postpartum estrus period?

Back 46

Intensive

Front 47

The sow lactates for approximately ____ weeks, at which time the pups should be fully weaned.

A) 6

B) 3
C) 2
D) 5

Back 47

B) 3

Front 48

What guinea pig breed has short hair that is in a single whorl of contrasting color on the forehead?

Back 48

American Crested Cavy

Front 49

What guinea pig breed has short, coarse hair that has kinked hair shafts without ridges or rosettes?

Back 49

Teddy

Front 50

T/F: Polygamous mating systems involve a single boar to be housed with one to ten sows

Back 50

True

Front 51

Describe nonintensive systems

Back 51

Sows are removed from the breeding group when pregnant and are not re-bred until after the young are weaned

Front 52

What is the guinea pigs' natural habitat? (4)

Back 52

•Temperate forests, rainforests, & grasslands

•Social animals that live in groups

•Active for the majority of a 24 hour period

•Use deserted burrows by other animals for environmental protection

Front 53

What may occur when guinea pigs become frightened?

Back 53

may become immobile for up to 20 minutes

Front 54

What are the 6 methods of identification in guinea pigs?

Back 54

•Cage cards

•Ear notching

•Ear tags

•Tattooing

•Microchips

•Markers/dyes

Front 55

Guinea pigs have a strong need for a dietary source of Vitamin ___ to prevent scurvy.

This can be supplemented in the diet by what 3 things?

Back 55

•C

•Water supplement, fresh vegetables (cabbage or kale), or in feed

Front 56

___________ is an important part of nutrition and guinea pigs can lose weight if prevented

Back 56

Coprophagia

Front 57

Improper handling of guinea pigs can cause what 3 things?

Back 57

•Bruised lungs

•Diaphragmatic hernia

•Thoracic compression

Front 58

What are the two types of routes for medication administration in guinea pigs?

Back 58

•Injections (IM, IP, IV, SQ)

•Oral

Front 59

Where can IM injections be administered in the guinea pig?

Back 59

Quads & SM/ST

Front 60

Where can IV injections be administered in guinea pigs? (6)

Back 60

•Lateral metatarsal

•Penile

•Lingual

•Saphenous

•Cephalic

•Marginal ear veins

Front 61

_____mL of sugar or syrup can be added to _____ liter(s) of drinking water to unpalatable medications

Back 61

5mL, 1 liter

Front 62

Where can small blood samples be collected from in the guinea pig? (3)

Back 62

•Toenail clip

•Saphenous vein

•Cehalic vein

Front 63

Where can up to 8mL of blood be collected from in the guinea pig? (3)

Back 63

•Jugular

•Femoral artery

•Cranial vena cava

Front 64

What is the whole blood volume in rabbits?

Back 64

55-70 mL/kg

Front 65

What is the second pair of of incisors termed in rabbits?

Back 65

Wolf teeth/peg teeth

Front 66

How often do rabbit teeth need to be trimmed?

Back 66

Every 6-8 weeks

Front 67

What organ serves as a thermoregulator in rabbits?

Back 67

Ears

Front 68

T/F: Rabbits CAN vomit

Back 68

False

Front 69

What are cecotrophs?

Back 69

Night feces

Front 70

In rabbits, who has a larger anogenital distance, males or females?

Back 70

Males

Front 71

Describe the breeding colonies for rabbits

Back 71

1 buck to 10-20 does

Front 72

How long after coitus does ovulation occur in the rabbit?

Back 72

Approx. 10 hours

Front 73

When does weaning occur in rabbits?

Back 73

5-8 weeks

Front 74

How do rabbits communicate?

Back 74

Through scent, touch, and thump cues

Front 75

Rabbits cannot tolerate temperatures below _____ and above ______.

Room temperature should be maintained in the upper _______

Back 75

•Below 39 and above 82

•60's

Front 76

What are the daily food and water requirements for rabbits?

Back 76

Food: 50g/kg

Water: 50-150 mL/kg

Front 77

Where is the pulse taken in a rabbit?

Back 77

Femoral artery

Front 78

Rabbit teeth can grow up to ________ per year

Back 78

5 inches

Front 79

What prohibits vomiting in rabbits?

Back 79

Limiting ridge at junction of esophagus & stomach

Front 80

What are the injection sites in rabbits?

Back 80

•SQ

•IV - marginal ear vein

•IM - epaxial, SM/ST, quads

•ID

Front 81

What are the blood collection sites in rabbits?

Back 81

•Cephalic

•Central auricular artery

•Saphenous

•Jugular

•Marginal ear vein

Front 82

Where can you not place a catheter in a rabbit?

Back 82

Ear veins b/c they're too delicate, but you CAN place it in cephalic, saphenous or jugular

Front 83

What is the genus and species name of rats?

Back 83

•Rattus

•Rattus norvegicus (pet or lab rat), Rattus rattus (wild rat)

Front 84

Which have longer tails, male or female rats?

Back 84

Males

Front 85

What are the functions of the rat tail? (2)

Back 85

•Balance

•Thermoregulator

Front 86

What is special about the feet pads of rats?

Back 86

Contain the only sweat glands of the body

Front 87

What is the weight of male rats? Females?

Back 87

•Males: 267-500 g

•Females: 225-325g

Front 88

What are the characteristics of newborn rats? (3)

Back 88

•Born hairless

•Deaf

•Blind

Front 89

What is the gestation length of a rat?

Back 89

21-23 days

Front 90

What is the act of parturition in rats?

What is the avg rat litter size?

What are baby rats called?

Back 90

•Rearing

•6-13

•Pups

Front 91

What is the weaning age of rats?

Back 91

21 days

Front 92

Rat forelimbs contain __ digits while hindlimbs contain ___

Back 92

4, 5

Front 93

When do female rats reach sexual maturity? Males?

Back 93

•37-67 days

•40-75 days

Front 94

What is significant about the rat reproduction?

What is estrus cycle length?

Postpartum estrus occurs ___-____ hours after parturition

Back 94

•Continuously polyestrous

•4-5 days

•20-24 hours

Front 95

Give the TPR's of the rat

Back 95

T: 99.9

P: 313-493 bpm

R: 71-146 bpm

Front 96

Why are rats the best choice for research? (6)

Back 96

•Prolific - Incr. breeding

•Easily housed

•Easily handled

•Inexpensive

•Adapt to most environmental changes

•Dependable breeders

Front 97

What is the Harderian gland in rats?

What is its function? What causes this to occur?

Back 97

•Lacrimal gland of the eye

•Secretes porphyrin, red-pigmented substance (red tears); will increase when rat is ill or stressed

Front 98

What is the term for a rat that is ill or stressed?

Back 98

chromodacryorrhea

Front 99

T/F: Rat nares can close under water

Back 99

True

Front 100

T/F: Rats do not have tonsils

Back 100

True

Front 101

How many pairs of salivary glands do rats have?

Back 101

3

Front 102

What is stored around the neck region of the rat?

What does this do? (2)

Back 102

•Brown fat

•Provides increased energy storage & is a metabolic regulator

Front 103

T/F: Rats can vomit and they do have a gallbladder

Back 103

False- they CANNOT vomit and they DO NOT have a gallbladder

Front 104

When does breeding occur for rats?

Back 104

Generally, at night

Front 105

Rat copulatory plug persists for ___ - ____ hours post mating due to semen mixing w/ vaginal secretions

Why is this used?

Back 105

•12 - 24 hours

•To confirm mating (same as guinea pigs)

Front 106

Newborn rat ears open between ___ - ___ days.

Eyes open between ___ - ____ days.

They are fully haired by __ - ____ days.

Begin eating solid food by the end of the ______ week

Back 106

•3-5 days

•7-14 days

•7-10 days

•Second

Front 107

What are the two mating systems for rats?

Describe each

Back 107

•Monogamous - one female to one male

•Polygamous - two or more females to one male

Front 108

What are the two breeding systems for rats?

What are the adv. & disadv. of each?

Back 108

•Intensive

Adv. polygamous: least space, post-partum estrus

Disadv. polygamous: Incr. in incidence of fighting, injury to offspring, & stress to females (pregnant or nursing)

•Non-intensive

Adv.: decr. in fighting, stress, & injury to offspring

Disadv: Decr. in offspring

Front 109

What is the daily consumption of rat feed?

How should they be fed?

Back 109

•5g/100g Body Weight/day

•Generally fed ad lib

Front 110

What are the 2 types of genetics in rats?

Back 110

Stocks & Strains

Front 111

What is stock genetics in rats?

Back 111

Randomly bred - AKA "Outbred"

Similar characteristics but not genetically identical

Front 112

What are commonly used outbred stocks of rats? (3)

Back 112

•Sprague-Dawley (SD)

•Long-Evans (LE)

•Wistar (WI)

Front 113

What is strain genetics in rats?

Genetically heterozygous or homozygous?

Back 113

•Inbred -> considered this when at least 20 gens of bro-sis or parent-offspring matings occur

•Homozygous

Front 114

Why do some inbreeding fails occur in rats?

Back 114

Occur due to "inbreeding depression"

Front 115

What are some commonly used inbred strains of rats? (5)

Back 115

•Albany (ALB) - in mammary tumor studies

•Spontaneous Hypertensive Rat (SHR) - in HBP studies

•Brown (BN) - in leukemia studies

•Buffalo (BUF) - in autoimmune disease studies

•Fisher344 - in esophageal & bladder carcinoma

Front 116

What is the term for a group of rats?

Back 116

A mischief

Front 117

T/F: Rats are not colorblind

Back 117

False - they ARE colorblind

Front 118

What is coisogenic?

Congenic?

Back 118

•Genetic mutation in existing strains

•Mutation that arises in one strain and is transferred to another

Front 119

What is athymic?

Back 119

Nude

Front 120

What is hybrid?

Back 120

•Mating between two inbred strains

Front 121

What is transgenic?

Back 121

Removing a specific DNA from one strain and inserting them into an ovum.

ex: Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's

Front 122

What is the lowest certificate of vet techs?

What agency is used to get certified?

Back 122

•ALAT

•AALAS

Front 123

What agency must approve the experimental design if live animals are used? They also approve all animals that are being used.

Back 123

IACUC (Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee)

Front 124

Should the surgery room be under +ve or -ve pressure?

Back 124

Positive

Front 125

What is the principle federal statute governing the safe handling, transport & safe use of animals?

Back 125

Animal Welfare Act

Front 126

The _________is responsible or all aspects of animal use, education, health, & compliance w/ all laws & regulations

Back 126

IACUC

Front 127

The _______ enforces the AWA

Back 127

USDA

Front 128

The _________ is the federal govt. agency that administers laws that protect human health & environment

Back 128

EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

Front 129

__________ is a private non-profit organization that promotes the humane treatment of animals in science through a voluntary accreditation program

Back 129

AAALC (Assoc. for Assessment & Accreditation of Lab Animal Care)

Front 130

What is a conventional facility?

Back 130

Animals rooms & support areas that have single doors that open into a central corridor

Front 131

What is a double corridor facility?

Back 131

"Clean/dirty" - rooms and areas have 2 doors entering the clean corridor and the other to the dirty

Front 132

What is a barrier facility?

Back 132

Same as double but personnel must shower before entering animal rooms

Front 133

What are containment facilities?

Back 133

Personnel must shower before entering and when they leave

Front 134

What cage system is used to measure urine & feces?

Back 134

Metabolism

Front 135

_____________ animals have undefined microflora. (demonstrated to be free of of certain pathogens, but not free of unspecified ones)

Back 135

SPF (Specific Pathogen-free)

Front 136

What does brown fat in the neck do?

Back 136

Metabolic regulation

Front 137

Rat parturition is termed ________

Back 137

Rearing

Front 138

What is the dental formula for a rabbit?

Back 138

2(I2/1C0/0P3/2M3/3)

Front 139

What is applied research?

Back 139

The use of existing knowledge for solving a biomedical problem like developing vaccines

Front 140

What is clinical research?

Back 140

Build knowledge gained in basic & applied research

•always conducted on live animals & humans