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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is in a salivary gland?
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Paired glands. 3 main pairs, parotid, mandibular, sub-lingual.
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Food goes to the forgut, what happens when in gets there?
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In ruminants it is brought back up and chewed. In other animals the food moves from stomach to small intestine. Most animals can bring up food, although not all. (horses )
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What is a caecum?
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The caecum is a curved bit of intestine. 4 longitudinal bands which account for the sacculations.
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What is the colon?
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3 sections - ascending, transverse and descending colon. The first two are the large colon, and the last is the small. Main use is re-absorption of water.
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Whats the liver like?
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The liver is large. It has about 3-4% of body weight.
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What does the gall bladder do?
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It acts as a storage area for bile. It also helps to concentrate it by absorbing it. Absent in some species.
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What are ovaries in mammals like?
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Both endocrine and cytogenic. Cytogenic cause they produce cells, endocrine cause they produce hormones.
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What is special about a horses ovaries?
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They are bean shaped.
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How are oestrus cycles defined?
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1 cycle per year - monestrous.
several per year - polyestrous. Many animals have successive oestrus periods if fertilization fails to take place. Anestrus - period of inactivity |
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How many ova are produced?
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Large animals such as mare, elephant or cow have one egg at ovulation. Monorocous. In most other species several ova are produced. Polytocous.
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How is marsupial development done?
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Very small birth. Gestation time very short. Young born under developed. Young have very well developed forelimbs. Development is in pouch. Lactation takes place.
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Whats a monotreme?
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Buckbilled platypus and echidna. They lay eggs, no placenta and feed young with milk.
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What are the 5 forms of adaptations?
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Insulation. Circulatory adaptations. Cooling by evaporative heat loss. Behavioural responses. Adjusting metabolism.
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How do animals help with insulation?
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Blubber. Fur. Vasoconstriction - reduced blood flow in skin. Vaso dialation.
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What is the different from smaller mammals to larger mammals in terms of heart rate and metabolism?
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Larger animals have a larger metabolic rate and less beats per minute.
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What are three forms of cooling?
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Sweating, panting and bathing
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How to keep warm...
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huddling, shivering.
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How are rodents adapted?
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High metabolic rate, high surface area to body mass ratio. Easilt dehydrated and hypothermic. Excess cold? They burrow, huddle, shiver and sometimes hibernate. Excess heat? concentrated urine and nocturnal lifestyle.
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How are lung adapted?
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very big surfacearea. Short path length for diffusion.
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Whats the nasal cavity like?
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The nasal cavity is divided into two similar halves by the median nasal septum. Most of the septum is made up of cartilage. The exit (choana) is surrounded by bones.
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Whats the larynx?
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It is the connection between the pharynx and the trachea.
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What are the three functions of the skeleton?
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Support, protection, leverage for locomotion.
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What are the three areas within bones?
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Compact substance, spongy substance, medullary cavity.
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What are the four types of bones?
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Long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular shaped bones.
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How many cervical vertebrae are their?
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7
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