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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Effects of H2 blockers on creatinine levels
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Cimetidine and Ranitidine decreases excretion of creatinine
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Side effects of octreotide
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Gallstones (decreases gallblader movement as somatostatin decreases gallbaldder contractions), ansuea, vomiting, steatorrhea
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Electorlyte abnormality common to all antacids
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Hypokalemia
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Aluminum hydroxide toxicity
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Constipation, hypophosphatemia, pxoimal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures
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Name four osmotic laxatives
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Magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate, polyehtylene glycol, lactulose
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Toxicity of metoclopramide
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Parkinsonian effects
interacts with digoxin and diabetes drugs Contraindicated with Small bowel obstruction and parkinsons |
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Gastrin levels in the two types of chronic gastritis
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Type A: Gastrin High
Type B: Gastrin low |
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Is Menetrier's pre-cancerous
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Yes
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What artery is affected in each type of peptic ulcer
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Gastric: L gastric
Doudenal: gastrodoudenal |
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Which peptic ulcer is more common in the older range of patients
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Gastric
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What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction
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Adhesions
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Most common Location of juvenile polyps
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Rectum
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FAP always invlve which part of the GIT5
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FAP: Rectum
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MOA of Reyes
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ASpirin metabolites decrease beta-oxidation by reversibly inhibiting mitochondrial enzymes
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Gene implicated in Wilson's
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Chromsome 13- Copper transporting ATPase (ATP7B gene)
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Genetic basis of Hemochromatosis
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C282Y or H63D mutation on HFE gene. Associated with HLA-A3
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Association with primary sclerosing cholangitis
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C282Y or H63D mutation on HFE gene. Associated with HLA-A3
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What decreases somatostatin secretion
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Vagal stimulation
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Saliva is normally Iso/hyper/hypotonic
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Hypotonic: Absorption causes increased K, decreased Na+ and increased HCO3-
(think like inside of cell: High K, low Na) |
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What happens to saliva is the transit time is fast
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Saliva is more isotonic: Less time for absorption leads to decreased K+, increased Na+
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What electrolye composition do pancreatic fluid have at different flow rates
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High flow= High HCO3
Low flow = High Cl- |
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Which GLUT for fructose
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GLUT-5
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What are paneth cells
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Contains a-defensins and lysozymes
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Serosa vs adventitia
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Serosa if intraperitoneal
Adventitia if extra |
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Four anatamoses that provide collateral circulation of aorta is blocked
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Four anatamoses that provide collateral circulation of aorta is blocked
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Above and below pectinate line
1) Type of hemorrhoid 2) Innervation 3) Arterial supply 4) Venous drainage 5) Lymphatic supply 6) Type of rectal cancer |
Above pectinate
1) Type of hemorrhoid: Internal 2) Innervation: Visceral (hemorrhoids are not painful) 3) Arterial supply: Superior rectal artery of IMA 4) Venous drainage: Superior rectal vein of IMV (portal) 5) Lymphatic supply: Deep nodes 6) Type of rectal cancer: Adenocarcinoma Below pectinate: 1) Type of hemorrhoid: External 2) Innervation:Somatic (inferior rectal branch of pundendal) 3) Arterial supply: Inferior rectal artery of of internal pudendal artery 4) Venous drainage: Inferior retal vein of internal pudendal vein (internal iliac vein) 5) Lymphatic supply: Superficial inguinal nodes 6) Type of rectal cancer: Squamous cell carcinoma |
