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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isosmotic volume expansion
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: isotonic saline infusion
(b) ECF volume: incr (c) ICF volume: nc (d) ECF osmolarity: nc (e) Hct: decr (f) serum Na: nc |
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Isosmotoc volume contraction
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: diarrhea
(b) ECF volume: decr (c) ICF volume: nc (d) ECF osmolarity: nc (e) Hct: incr (f) serum Na: nc |
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Hyperosmotic volume expansion
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: high NaCl intake
(b) ECF volume: incr (c) ICF volume: decr (d) ECF osmolarity: incr (e) Hct: decr (f) serum Na: incr |
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Hyperosmotic volume contraction
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: sweating, fever, diabetes insipidus
(b) ECF volume: decr (c) ICF volume: decr (d) ECF osmolarity: incr (e) Hct: nc (f) serum Na: inc |
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Hyposmotic volume expansion
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: SIADH
(b) ECF volume: incr (c) ICF volume: incr (d) ECF osmolarity: decr (e) Hct: nc (f) serum Na: decr |
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Hypoosmotic volume contraction
(a) examples (b) ECF volume (c) ICF volume (d) ECF osmolarity (e) Hct (f) serum Na |
(a) examples: Adrenal insufficiency
(b) ECF volume: decr (c) ICF volume: incr (d) ECF osmolarity: decr (e) Hct: incr (f) serum Na: decr |
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Afferent arteriole constriction
Effect on: (a) RPF (b) GFR (c) FF (GFR/RPF) |
Effect on:
(a) RPF: decr (b) GFR: decr (c) FF (GFR/RPF): NC |
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Efferent arteriole constriction
Effect on: (a) RPF (b) GFR (c) FF (GFR/RPF) |
(a) decr
(b) incr (c) incr |
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Incr Plasma protein concentration
Effect on: (a) RPF (b) GFR (c) FF (GFR/RPF) |
(a) NC
(b) decr (c) decr |
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Decr plasma protein concentration
Effect on: (a) RPF (b) GFR (c) FF (GFR/RPF) |
(a) NC
(b) incr (c) incr |
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Constriction of Ureter
Effect on: (a) RPF (b) GFR (c) FF (GFR/RPF) |
(a) NC
(b) decr (c) decr |
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Most common sites of blockage by renal calculi
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Where renal pelvis joint ureter
Ureter crosses pelvic inlet Ureter enters wall of urinary bladder |
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Effects of angiotensin II
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(1) stimulates hypothalamus (thirst)
(2) causes posterior pituitary to release ADH (3) causes release of aldo from adrenal gland (4) contstricts efferent arteriole (incr filtration fraction) (5) ANGII rec on vascular smooth muscle (constriction) (6) incr proximal tubule Na/H exchange NOTE: also limits reflex bradycardia from barorecpetor fct |
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Key endocrine fct of kidney (stimulation and result)
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(1) make Epo in response to hypoxia
(2) Convert 25-OH vitD to 1,25(OH)2VitD (incr intetinal reabs of Ca2+ and phosph) (3) JG cells secrete renin in resp to decr renal BP and incr sympathetic discharge (4) Prostaglandins (vasodilate efferent arterioles to increase GFR) |
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Parathyroid hormone
(a) secreted in response to? (b) effects |
(a) decreased plasma Ca++
(b) incr Ca++ reabs in DCT, decr phosphate reabs in PCT, and induces 1,25 (OH)2 vitD prod (incre Ca ++ and phosphate reabsorption from intestine) |
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Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
(a) secreted in response to? (b) effects |
(a) increased atrial pressure/stretch (surrogate from incr volume)
(b) incr GFR, and incr Na+ filtration; trigger cGMP production which rapidly closes already inserted ENaCs |
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Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH) aka Vasopressin
(a) secreted in response to? (b) effect |
(a) increaesd plasma osmolarity or decreased volume
(b) binds receptors on principle cells causing increased numbers of aquaporins on the lumenal membrane |
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Aldoesterone
(a) secreted in response to? (b) effect |
(a) decr blood volume (through angiotensin II) and increased plasma K+ concentration
(b) causes incr Na+ reabsoprtion, indirect K+ secretion, and increased H+ secretion (insertion of Na channels in the lumenal membrane of the collecting duct and also incr basolateral Na/K ATPase) |
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Winter's formula for respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis
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PCO2=1.5[HCO3] +8 +/- 2
PCO2 incr 0.7mmHg for every 1mEq HCO3 |
