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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the m.o.a of
*bleomycin *cyclophosphamide *doxorubicin *6-mercatopurine |
bleomycin: induce formation of free radical casuing DNA strand breaking
cyclophosphamide: alkylating agent; covalently x-linked (ineterstrand) DNA at guanine N-7. Require bioactivation by liver doxorubicin: generate free radicasl and noncovalently intercalate in DNA (= DNA breaks) 6-mercaptopurine: blocks de novo synthesis. Activated by HGRPTase |
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What are the common causes of DIC?
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Sepsis (G-) Trauma, Obstetrics complication, actue Pancreatitis, Malignancy, Nephrotic syndrome, Transfusion>
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What substances are derived from Phenylalanine? from tryptophan?
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Phenylalanine: tyrosine, dopa, dopamine, NE, Epi
Tryptophan: serotonin, melatonin |
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Which atypical antipsychotic is a/w agranulocytosis? how would you monitor pt?
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Clozapine, monitor weekly WBC.
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Which antibiotic fits:
*tx for G- rods in pts with renal insuf *BIG GUN (effective v. G+ cocci, G- rods, and anaerobes) *d.o.c for Enterobacter *porphylaxis for AIDS pts against P carinii pneumonia *solo prophylaxis against TB *prophylaxis fo those exposed to someone with meningococcal meningtis *d.o.c for Enterococcus sp |
G- in renal insuf: Aztreonam
BIG GUN: Impenem/Cilastatin for Enterobacter: Impenem/Cilastatin P. Carinii pneumonia: TMP-SMX solo against TB: INH meningococcal meningitis: Rifampin for Eneterococcus sp: Aminopencillins |
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Most common tumor of appendix
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carcinoid
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In which pulmonary dz would you see an increase in Reid index?
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Reid >50% in Chronic bronchitis
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Prob/abnormality associated with:
*boot-shaped heart *continuous machine-like murmur *webbing of neck *Barr body *simian crease |
boot-shaped: tetralogy
machine-like murmur : PDA neck webbing: Turner's Barr body: Klinefelter's Simain crease: |
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Which division of dorsal column relays sensroy infomration from the lower extremties?
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Fasciculus gracilis
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Describe the migraton of the thyroid. What adult structures is a nomral remanant of the thryoglossal duct? what is the most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue?
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Thyroid diverticulum arises from flooe of primitive pharynx, descends into neck.
normal remnant: foramen cecum. common ectopic site: tongue |
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different causes of gout.
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Lesch-Nyhan
PRPP excess, down excretion of uric acid up cell turnover Von Gierke's |
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What pathologic changes are seen in joint with osteoarthritis? What pathologic changes are seen in rheumatoid arthritis?
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osteoarthritis: wear and tear of joints leads to destruction of articular cartilage, subchondral cysts, sclerosis, osteophytes, eburnation, Heberden's nodes, Bouchard's nodes.
rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune: inflammatroy disorder affectign synovial joint with pannus formation in joints, subq rheumatic nodules, ulnar deviation, subluxation, Baker's scyst, no DIP involvement |
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What are the common causes of pericarditis? What clinical findisn would lead to suspect it?
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serous caused by SLE, RA, viral infection, uremia
Fibrinous by uremia, MI (Dressler's) Rheumatic fever Hemorrhagic by TB, malignancy findings" pericardial pain, friction rub, pulsus paradoxus, distant heart sounds, ECG changes with ST elevatino in multiple leads |
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Skin cancers:
*histopath reveals keratin pearls *precursor is a dysplastic nevus *histopath reveals palisading nuceli *appears as pearly paules with subepidermal blood vessels *a/w arsenic in addtn to sun exposure |
keratin pearls: SSC
precursor is dysplastic nevus: melanoma palisading nuclei: BCC pearly papules: BCC arsenic + sun: SCC |
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What are the 3 common androgens in order from the most potent to the least potent? Which antiandrogen drug is usefu inthe tx of BPH? how does it work?
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potency: DHT>testosterone>androtestosterone
BPH: Finasteride, 5alpha reductase. ihibitis testosterone --> DHT |
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By what mech does vit D alter serum calcium and phosphate levels?
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Up PTH cause up 1,25(OH)2 vit D production
down serum Ca ups 1.25(OH)2 down phosphate ups 1,25(OH)2 1,25 (OH)2 feedback inhiibits its own production. Therefore PTH ups calcium reabsorption and down Phosphate reabsorption while 1,25 (OH)2 vit D ups absorption of both |
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What is the clinical use of clomiphene? how does it work?
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partial agonist at estrogen receptors in pit gland. Prevents normal feedback inhibition and increase releas of LH and FSH from pit which stimulate ovulation.
Use it to tx infertility PCOS. |
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Which vit supplement is given to reduce teh neurotox of INH?
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B6 ( pyridoxine)
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Function of Cori cycle? main substrates?
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Cory cylce allows lactat generated during anaerobic metabolism to undergo hepatice gluconeogenesis and become a source of glucose for muscle/RBCs. It cost net 4ATP
Main subtrates: pyruvate and lactate via lactate dehydrogenase |
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Diagram the phases of AP and describe which ion channes are responsible for each phase
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