Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe the pathway by which light affects melatonin secretion?
|
Driven by suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus, it controls ACTH, prolactin, melatonin, nocturnal NE release.
SCN --> NE release --> Pineal gland --> melatonin |
|
|
What factors are considered when determining the loading dose and maintanance dose of a medication?
|
Loading dose: Cp x Vd/F
Maintainance does: Cp x Cl/F |
|
|
What 2 drugs are given to those with organophosphate poisoning?
|
atropin (muscarinic antag)
Pralidoxine (chem antag used to regenerate active cholinesterase) |
|
|
What are the 3 symptoms of Pellagra? What are the causes?
|
diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia (death)
deficiency of Vit B3. mild = glossitis. Severe = Pellagra Can be caused by Hartnup's (decrease tryptophan absorption), Malignant carcinoid syndrome (increase tryptophan metab), INH (decrease Vit B6) |
|
|
What structures give rise to glomerular filtration barrier? Which disease results from a loss of negative charge glomerular filtration barrier?
|
fenestrated capillary endothelium (size barrier)
fused BM with heparan sulfate (neg charge barrier) epithelial layer consisting of podocyte foot processes dz: nephrotic syndrome |
|
|
What are the common causes of eosinophilia?
|
NAACP:
Neoplastic Allergic processes Asthma Collagen Vasc Disease Parasites |
|
|
What is the cause of cysteinuria? Tx?
|
Hereditary defect of renal tubular AA transporter for Cysteine, Ornithine, Lyseine, Arginine in PCT of kidney
Tx: Acetazolamide to alaklanize urine |
|
|
What antibiotics have the following MOA?
Block DNA topoisomerase Block peptidoglycan synthesis Block nucleotide synthesis Block mRNA synthesis |
DNA topoisomerase - Quinolones
Peptidoglycan - Vancomycin, Bacitracin Nucleotide - Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim mRNA - Rifampin |
|
|
What is the WAGR complex?
|
Wilms Tumor
Aniridia GU abnormalities Retardation (mental motor) |
|
|
What are the 2 types of DI? What is the cause of each?
|
Central and Nephrogenic
Central: pituitary tumor, trauma, surgery, histiocytosis X Nephrogenic: lack of renal response to ADH. Hereditary or secondary to hypercalcemia, Lithium, Demeclocycline (ADH analog) |
|
|
Compare the leading cause of death in ages 25-64 to those in ages 65+
|
25-64 : cancer, heart disease, injuries, suicide, stroke
65+: heart disease, cancer, stroke, COPD, pneumonia, influenza |
|
|
What are the risk factors for a fat embolus? for pulm embolism?
|
Fat: bone fractues and liposuction
Pulm: predisposed by Virchow's triad - Stasis, hypercoagulability (eg defect in coagulative cascade proteins), endothelial damage (exposed collage provides impetus for clotting cascade) |
|
|
What structures arise from the mesonephric ducts? What is its other name?
|
develops into male internal structure (except prostate) - Seminal vesicles, Epidymus, Ejaculatory duct, Ductus deferens . SEED
other name: Wolffian |
|
|
What lysosomal storage disease fits description?
*cherry red spot on retina *corneal clouding + mental ret *no corneal clouding/mental ret *demyelnitated disease affects peripheral nerves *crinckled paper cytoplasm *sphingomyelin build up * tx = dialysis *accumulation of galactocerebroside *accumulation of glucocerebroside |
cherry red spot: Tay Sachs and Niemman-Pick
corneal clouding: Hurler's non-corneal clouding: Hunter's demyelination: Metachromic leukodystrophy crinckled paper: Gaucher's sphyngomyelin buildup: Niemman-Pick Dialysis: Fabry's Galactocerebroside accum: Krabbe's Glucocerebroside accum: Gaucher's |
|
|
Jone's criteria for diagnosing of acute rheumatic fever.
|
Fever
Erythema Marginatum Valvular damage (vegetation/fibrosis) ESR increase Red-hot joints (migratory polyarthritis) Subcutaneous nodules (Archoff bodies) St. Vitus' dance (chorea) |
|
|
What are some of the extrapulmonary causes of restrictive lung disease?
|
extapulmonary (poor breathing mechanisms)
*poor muscular effort- polio/myesthenia gravis *poor structural apparatus - scoliosis, morbid obesity |
|
|
What drug can be used to tx carcinoid syndrome?
|
Octreotide
|
|
|
What is the difference between conscious, preconscious and unconscious in Freudian psychoanalysis?
|
conscious- what you are aware of
preconscious- what you are able to make conscious with effort unconscious- what you are not aware of. Central goal of psychoanalysis is to make you aware |
|
|
What muscles compose rotator cuff muscles?
|
SItS
Supraspinatus - helps deltoid ABduct arm Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm Teres minor - ADducts and laterally rotates arm Subscapularis - medially rotates and ADducts arm |
|
|
Difference between Wernicke's, Broca's and Conduction apahasia?
|
Wernicke - motor aphasia with good comprehension = wordy but makes no sense
Broca's - sensory apahasia with poor comprehension, neologism ; broken speech Conduction - arcuate fasciculus lesion; good comprehension, fluent speech , but poor repetition |
