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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Oliver Otis Howard led the _________________, which helped former slaves by finding them jobs that paid fair wages. |
Freedmen's Bureau |
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A new work system called ___________ developed in the South during Reconstruction. |
sharecropping |
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Many Southern states passed ________________ as a way to achieve ____________, or a separation of the races. |
Jim Crow laws; segregation |
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What new freedoms did emancipated African Americans gain under Reconstruction? |
They could leave plantations to make new lives for themselves, sharecrop, form their own churches, and legally marry. |
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What were the accomplishments of the Freedmen's Bureau? |
Colleges and schools were set up/established, courts were set up to ensure justice for African Americans, and African Americans were able to get jobs with fair wages. |
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What did the 15th Amendment accomplish? |
It made a strong statement of the federal government's position to support African American equality. |
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What was the purpose of the Jim Crow laws? |
To enforce the separation of African Americans and whites in most public places.
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What was the Compromise of 1877? |
An agreement in which Rutherford Hayes would become president and federal troops in the South would be removed. |
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TRUE/FALSE: Jim Crow laws were designed to achieve segregation by separating African Americans from white people in most public places. |
true |
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TRUE/FALSE: Many Whit Southerners reacted to the changes brought about during Reconstruction by accepting the new laws.
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false; Many White Southerners fought against Reconstruction. |
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TRUE/FALSE: Howard University helped find jobs and set up courts to ensure justice for emancipated African Americans. |
true |
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TRUE/FALSE: The Compromise of 1877 named Rutherford Hayes as president and removed remaining federal troops from Southern states. |
true |
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TRUE/FALSE: The 15th Amendment to the Constitution protected the right of African Americans to find long-lost family members. |
false; It protected the voting rights of African American men. |
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TRUE/FALSE: Members of the Klu Klux Klan wanted to frighten African Americans and prevent them from voting. |
true |
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Oliver Otis Howard |
leader of the Freedmen's Bureau |
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Howard University |
one of the first African American colleges, established in Washington D.C. |
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Klu Klux Klan |
a group dedicated to violently targeting African Americans by any means possible |
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Rutherford Hayes |
won the presidency in 1876 because of the Compromise of 1877 |
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Jim Crow |
African American character in a popular song who was a foolish old dancer who never made any trouble |
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The _____________ railroad connected California to the East. |
transcontinental |
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Cattle grazed on the huge public grasslands in the West known as the ________. |
range |
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Most ___________ were young men who adopted much of their clothing and skills from the vacqueros. |
cowhands |
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How did the railroads change the American West? |
It opened the region to new settlement, increased conflicts between Native Americans and settlers, and brought new ethnic groups to the American West. |
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What two companies built the first transcontinental railroad? |
The Union Pacific Railroad and the Central Pacific Railroad Company |
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What was the purpose of the long cattle drives? |
To increase the value of wild cattle. |
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Why do you think the cowhands had to stand guard at night? |
They need to prevent animals from being attacked and/or stolen. |
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The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed people called _________ to build homes on land given to them. |
homesteaders |
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African Americans who migrated to Kansas were known as ___________ because they compared their journey west to the biblical Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt. |
Exodusters |
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_____________ allowed farmers to save money by buying supplies in large quantities and selling products as a large group. |
cooperatives |
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A political party's __________ is its statement of belief. |
platform |
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How did the Homestead Act of 1862 encourage settlement of the Great Plains? |
It granted 160 acres of land (for a small registration fee) to anyone who agreed to live on it. |
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How did the Grange improve farmer's lives? |
The Grange gave farmers social lives and formed cooperatives. |
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What were problems faced by farmers? |
Very little rain, lack of tree (for wood), and grasshoppers devouring crops. |
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Why did the farmers feel like they needed their own political parties? |
They felt that the Democratic and Republic party didn't support their interests. |
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What reforms did the Populist Party call for? |
government ownership of the railroads, an income tax that's higher for the rich than for the poor, a loan program to help farmers pay off debts, political reforms, and shorter workdays for laborers. |
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Promontory Point |
where the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads met |
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Black Hills |
Dakota location held the last gold rush in the U.S. in 1874 |
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Comstock Lode |
mine in Nevada which yielded more than $300 million worth of gold and silver |
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Laura Ingalls Wilder |
published Little House on the Prairie |
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Oliver H. Kelley |
founded the social organization known as the Grange |
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General James B. Weaver |
the Populist Party nominee for the 1892 election |
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Grover Cleveland |
Democratic presidential nominee who won the election of 1892 |
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William McKinley |
won the presidential election of 1896 |
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American settlers hunted the buffalo nearly to ____________. |
extinction |
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Native Americans were forced to live on ____________, which they were promised would be their land forever. |
reservations |
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Native Americans were forced to _________ with the American culture because of the Dawes Act. |
assimilate |
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Why did most Native Americans move to reservations? |
Their way of life was being destroyed and the government promised that they'd get to own the reservations and that settlers wouldn't be allowed on them. |
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Why did some Native Americans fight against settlers and soldiers? |
They were being forced to move to reservations. |
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What happened at Sand Creek? |
General John Chivington launched an attack on camp in Sand Creek (where Native Americans were), and between 150-500 people were killed. |
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How was the Battle of Little Bighorn different from the fighting at Wounded Knee? |
The fighting at Wounded Knee resulted with more than 200 deaths of Native Americans, while no Native Americans at Little Bighorn were killed. |
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How did the Battle of Little Bighorn relate to Sitting Bull's vision? |
In his vision, Native Americans defeated the soldiers that attempted to attack them at Little Bighorn. |
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The U.S. government passed the ___________ in 1887 to break up the reservations. |
Dawes Act |
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An attack by the Colorado militia on Native Americans gathered at Sand Creek marked the beginning of the __________________. |
Native American Wars |
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The government promised to give food, clothing, and supplies to Native Americans so they'd move to ____________. |
reservations |
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Native American warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Lieutenant Colonel George Custer in the ________________. |
Battle of Little Bighorn |
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The wars between Native Americans and settlers on the southern Great Plains ended with the surrender of the Apache leader ___________. |
Geronimo |
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Native American resistance in the West ended after government troops killed Sitting Bull and 200 people at _______________. |
Wounded Knee |
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How did changes in transportation help industry expand? |
It helped train travel become comfortable and safe and got goods to markets more efficiently. |
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What inventions sped up communications in the second half of the 1800s? |
The telegraph, telephone, and typewriter. |
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What new jobs opened for women during early 1900s? |
Switchboard operators and typing jobs. |
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A ___________ is a business that's usually made up of many investors. |
corporation |
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Many different companies sell _________ as a way to raise money. |
stock |
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John D. Rockefeller held a _______ over the oil industry. |
monopoly |
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Samuel Gompers hoped to achieve gains for workers through _________________. |
collective bargaining |
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How did the growth of industry result in a greater separation between wealthy people and poor people? |
Wealthy people were business owners and poor people were workers. |
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How did John D. Rockefeller gain control of the oil industry? |
By building an oil refinery and buying other companies. |
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What goals did labor unions have? |
Higher pay, shorter workdays, and a safer workplace. |
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Helen Hunt Jackson |
spoke out against the unfair treatment of Indians; wrote a book that documented the broken promises made to Native Americans |
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Why were accidents in factories common in the late 1800s? |
People worked at a fast pace with dangerous machines. |
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Why were most labor strikes in the late 1800s unsuccessful? |
Corporations had the U.S. government on their side. |
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What role did the federal government play in the railway strikes? |
They sent in troops to stop the riots. |
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Henry Bessemer |
invented a new, quicker, process for making steel |
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Thomas Edison |
known for many inventions, the most famous being the electric lightbulb |
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Henry |
inventor of the sewing machine |
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Henry |
developed a way to bottle tomato sauce and call it ketchup |
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Henry Ford |
inventor of the Model T and first to mass produce cars |
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Kitty Hawk |
site of the first successful airplane flight |
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Alexander Graham Bell |
credited with creating the first operating telephone |
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Colonel John Chivington |
colonel of the Colorado militia that massacred many Indians at Sand Creek |
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J.P. Morgan |
investment banker who made his money by financing corporations |
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John D. Rockefeller |
at one time, controlled almost all of the oil industries in the U.S. |
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Andrew Carnegie |
became rich by monopolizing the steel industry |
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Knights of Labor |
one of the largest unions during the latter part of the 1800s |
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Samuel Gompers |
leader of the American Federation of Labor |
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Eugene Debs |
founder of the American Railroad Union |
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share cropping |
system in which farmers work on another's land and use part of their crops as rent |
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platform |
statement of a political party's policies and beliefs |
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stocks |
share of ownership in a company |
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range |
vast public grasslands in the West where cattle graze freely |
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Chief Joseph |
leader of the Nez Percé Indians; uttered the famous speech "I will fight no more forever" |
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reservation |
public land set aside for special use (as for Native Americans) |
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Bessemer Process |
process for making steel quickly and cheaper |
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George Armstrong Custer |
led 200 American soldiers to their deaths in the Battle of Little Bighorn |
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Wounded Knee Creek |
site of an Indian massacre that ended the Native American resistance in the West |
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William Kelly developed a process for making steel more quickly called the ___________________. |
Bessemer process |
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__________ were, and still are, issued for inventions. |
Patents |
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What are some inventions that contributed to Industrial growth in the 1800s? |
The electric light bulb, power plant, and the sewing machine. |
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What was the effect of the Bessemer process? |
It helped industries expand, make taller buildings, longer bridges, and miles of railroad tracks. |