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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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12th amnedment
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required electors to cast two distinct votes: one for President and another for Vice President.
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Stamp Act
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designed to raise revenue, WHATELY and DULANY think the stamp act follows Locke's ideas for different reasons
WHATELY- "virtual representation"- every member of parliament is representative of all the people of England no juts those who elected them DULANY-Parliament cant make taxes that don't apply to them and they do not live in America Colonist don't want to send members over because they would still be outnumbered yet colonist would not still have an argument |
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How do you raise taxes if you need revenue in the colonies?
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The colonial assemblies should e the only ones allowed to tax. Parliment can ONLY LEGISLATE --> Decided by STAMP ACT CONGRESS 1765
UNITY |
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Hamilton
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LOOSE Interpretation of constitution
Federalist, opposed to bill of rights National Bank (neccesary (of elastic clause) means useful) Report on Public Credit and Public Manufactorers Fund Debt at Par- current bond holders are paid back National govt assumes debt of states- agreed when madison agrees to put Capitol at the Potomac |
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Jefferson
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Secretary of State
DIdnt use ceratin act to convict oppoing people ie. editors WANTS ORIGINAL BOND HOLDERS PAID NO BANK (necessary=essential) |
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CONstitutional Controversy STATES
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Large- representation proportioal to population
Small- equal representation between states SOLUTION: Conneticut Compromise: proportional in lower house (at least one in total no more tht 435) and 2 mebers per each state in upper house |
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CONstitutional Controversy
SLAVERY |
North- abolition through state constitutions-gradual changes
South- economically dependent and thought the debate on slavery would dissolve the union SOLUTION:slaves count as 3/5 of a person but still cant vote (importatant for representation numbers) and cant talk about lsavery until 1808 |
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10th AMENDMENT
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spells out reserved powers to states
Article 1- Legislative (make) Article 2- Executive (enforce) Article 3- Judicial (interpret) Checks and Balances 2 ways to propose amendments -2/3 of both houses -3/4 of state legislature |
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Reserved Powers
Delegate Powers COncurrent Powers Forbidden Powers |
state (reserved)
-national (delegate) -shares (concurrent) ex. habius corpus |
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Critical Period- not that critical because of these positive things
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-Northwest Ordinance
-Per-capita income increased -peace concluded -War was won successfully |
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Critical Period
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1783-1789
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Negative aspects of the critical period (why some think it was critical)
INTERNATIONAL |
3 Major Foreign Affairs Problems
- Cant trade with English (navigation acts, mercantilisim, they hate us/• England has ports on US Soil and refuse to evacuate until war of 1812- will evauat ewhen loyalist are paid by STATES -We cant trade with Meitterenana because we dont have enough money to pay pirates of -Spaniards close Mississippi to Americans- refuse to let us have the right of deposit at new Orleans |
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Negative aspects of the critical period (why some think it was critical)
DOMESTIC |
desperate economic situation
- each state has it's own currency/ system of weights and measures *no cooperation/trading - each state has seperate tariffs -SHAYS REBELLION |
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Shays Rebellion
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Daniel Shay's property is being foreclosed due to debt, so him and others barracade court house, Massachusetts sends out militia and BARELY puts down rebellion- inspires 1787 meeting in Pennslyvania about writing a whole new system of govt with sronger central govt (everyone is there but rhode island) JEFFERSON AND ADAMS ARE NOT THERE (constitutional convention)
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Declatory Act
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Parliment can legslate any laws as long as htey are not soley for raising revenue
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Quartering Act
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• Quartering Act- Housing and food for soldiers, forces colonies to tax themselves to do this
• Instead of forcing taxes on themselves, they gave minimal food and shelter (minimal compliance) • New York assembly got suspended by governor because they refuse to provide for soldiers • Not a huge outcry against quartering acts |
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Townshend Duties
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• Duties-lead, paper, paint, glass and tea (products that can’t be made in the colonies)
• Difference between Duties and Navigation Acts: These duties are to raise revenue; the Navigation Acts were to regulate trade. • Duties: to make payment to empire • Duties: tax is a lot less, MAJOR diff- The new tax commissioners are now in America not in England Repelead (except for tea one) |
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How do the colonist respond to the Townshend duties?
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They hate them , so they write pamphlets (Letter from a PA Farmer-document)
• Boycotted British goods • PA Farmer was actually a lawyer but picked a penname that was more relatable (reflected viewpoint instead of personal name or position) • Crafted by Dickinson • Representing agriculture average American, common man • Letter 7- why he objects to Townshed duties |
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Gaspee INcident
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After period of peace after Townshend duties:
Gaspee Incident (taken cargo as duties unfairly) Colonist took crew captive and burn ship Brits start investigation but no one says anythign (becasue trial will be held in ENGLAND=no hope) |
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Bad things that happen After period of peace after Townshend duties:
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1. Gaspee incident-burn ship take crew captive
2. Massachusetts Assembly would no longer pay the governor or judges, instead paid by the king out of customs revenue-Assembly loses power of purse 3. . Letters about British abuse is being circulated that was drafted by The Committee of Correspondence in Boston (legal-official town meeting starts it)-by SAM ADAMS |
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BOSTON TEA PARTY
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British East India Company is on verge of bankruptcy so English pass tea laws
- colonist are mad because they have to pay and company will become a monopoly - although colonies send ships away Hutchinson tries to make apoint and make ship unload cargo, so colonist dump tea into harbor (1773) BRITS RESPOND WITH COERCIVE ACTS |
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coercive/intolerable acts
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- only applies to Massachusetts
1. Closed down Boston Port (no trade-cripple economic) 2. General Gage replaces Hutchinson, no town meetings can take place (disrupt committees of correspondence) 3. Troops come into Boston (had gone to Castle William in Boston Harbor after Massacre) 4. Upper house is elected by King instead of people of Massachusetts 5. Any one that worked for British government accused of a capital offense (murder, treason, anything you could lose your head for) can be tried in England or Novia Scotia (headquarters for British Army)- because colonial juries were harsh on British army men and government |
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Quebec Act
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expands Quebec towards area between Ohio river Valley and Mississippi, Catholics have religious freedom, no representative assembly (under Marshall Law since 1763).
colonist are afriad the idwa of no aassembly will spread ot their colonies, and protetants dont like that catholiocs are free colonist call for first continental congress!! (1774) |
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Second Continental Congress
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colonist set up milita and sitribute pamphlets in reaction to the rits not letting them trade
APril 175 Paul Revere Stuff happens |
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Salutary Neglect
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What Britain left the colnies in while fighting the Frenchand Indian War (7 yearss war)
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18th century wars
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what britian was consumed in (Ausburg, spanish, succesion, 7 years/french and indian war)
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Peace of Paris 1763
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Ends Seven years war
Gives land west of Mississippi to Spain (originally french) Gives east of Mississippi to England and india to england |
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Proclamation of 1763
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After Pontiac (indian tribe leader who attacks because doesnt like the way the brits are startig to tereat the indians the gov says no colonoist moves west of appalachians and you need a license to dela with natives
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Battle of Saratoga
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America's first defeat of Brit troops in Mohawk Valley --> Now French send money and aid becasue they are confident in America
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Cornwallis
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British
Starting winning battle sbut couldnt keep towns on his side becasue he didnt utilize the loyalist enough |
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Battle of the Capes
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French navy defeats British nav
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Battle of York
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Winning battle, Washington defeats Brits and Brits cant use naval power becasue US' ally, the French, control the seas now
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peace of pairs 1783
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Franklin, Adams, and Jay
set territories recognized US as a real thing |
