Ap Us History: Unit 5: Key Terms: Chapter 19

Front 1

Antietam, Battle of (September 1862)

Back 1

Landmark battle in the Civil War that essentially ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the “victory” he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Front 2

Appomattox Courthouse

Back 2

Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 after almost a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia in the “Wilderness Campaign”.

Front 3

Bull Run (Manassas Junction), Battle of (July 1861)

Back 3

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of swift victory.

Front 4

Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War (1861-1865)

Back 4

Established by Congress during the Civil War to oversee military affairs. Largely under the control of Radical Republicans, the committee agitated for a more vigorous war effort and actively pressed Lincoln on the issue of emancipation.

Front 5

Copperheads

Back 5

Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort attacking Abraham Lincoln, the draft and, after 1863, emancipation.

Front 6

Emancipation Proclamation (1863)

Back 6

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States. The Proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines.

Front 7

Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, Battle of (February 1862)

Back 7

Key victory for Union General Ulysses S. Grant, it secured the North’s hold on Kentucky and paved the way for Grant’s attacks deeper into Tennessee.

Front 8

Fredericksburg, Battle of (December 1862)

Back 8

Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate Robert E. Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack on his lines.

Front 9

Gettysburg Address (1863)

Back 9

Abraham Lincoln’s oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty.

Front 10

Gettysburg, Battle of (July 1863)

Back 10

Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that ended in Union victory, spelling doom for the Confederacy, which never again managed to invade the North. Site of General George Pickett’s daring but doomed charge on the Northern lines.

Front 11

Merrimack and Monitor (1862)

Back 11

Confederate and Union ironclads, respectively, whose successes against wooden ships signaled an end to wooden warships. They fought an historic, though inconsequential battle in 1862.

Front 12

Peninsula Campaign (1862)

Back 12

Union General George B. McClellan’s failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital. Had McClellan taken Richmond and toppled the Confederacy, slavery would have most likely survived in the South for some time.

Front 13

Reform Bill of 1867

Back 13

Granted suffrage to all male British citizens, dramatically expanding the electorate. The success of the American democratic experiment, reinforced by the Union victory in the Civil War, was used as one of the arguments in favor of the Bill.

Front 14

Second Battle of Bull Run (August 1862)

Back 14

Civil War battle that ended in a decisive victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, who was emboldened to push further into the North.

Front 15

Sherman’s march (1864-1865)

Back 15

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s destructive march through Georgia. An early instance of “total war,” purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate war effort.

Front 16

Shiloh, Battle of (April 1862)

Back 16

Bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory.

Front 17

The Man Without a Country (1863)

Back 17

Edward Everett Hale’s fictional account of a treasonous soldier’s journeys in exile. The book was widely read in the North, inspiring greater devotion to the Union.

Front 18

Thirteenth Amendment (1865)

Back 18

Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude. Former Confederate States were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into the Union.

Front 19

Union party (1864)

Back 19

A coalition party of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat anti-war Northern Democrats.

Front 20

Vicksburg, siege of (1863)

Back 20

Two and half month siege of a Confederate fort on the Mississippi River in Tennessee. Vicksburg finally fell to Ulysses S. Grant in July of 1863, giving the Union Army control of the Mississippi River and splitting the South in two.

Front 21

Wilderness Campaign (1864-1865)

Back 21

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant’s and Robert E. Lee’s armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant’s capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.