U.s. History: C13 Growth Of Industry (1860-1900)

Front 1

A government grant that allows only the inventor to make, use, and sell an invention for a certain time.

Back 1

Patent

Hint 1

protects an inventor's ideas and inventions from theft/fraud in marketing

Front 2

Damage to the land, air, and water from harmful materials

Back 2

Pollution

Hint 2

Mankind can cause this problem in air, land and water destroying our environment

Front 3

A large company formed by a group of investors

Back 3

Corporation

Hint 3

A large company that is a legal entity and is subject to double taxation by the government.

Front 4

The complete control of an industry by one company or person

Back 4

Monopoly

Hint 4

John D. Rockefeller had a ___________ on the oil industry, Andrew Carnegie on the steel industry and Andrew Mellon on the railroad industry

Front 5

A community set up and run by a company for its workers

Back 5

Company Town

Hint 5

Workers gave a portion of their wages to live in housing belonging to the company and purchased from company stores with scrip (paper used as currency)

Front 6

A group of workers that tries to help its members.

Back 6

Labor Union

Hint 6

Sought better working conditions & higher pay for its workers.

Front 7

To refuse to work until certain demands,such as higher wages or better working conditions are met

Back 7

Strike

Hint 7

During this protest workers picketed,made no money, and hurt productivity of the industry

Front 8

A railroad worker who organized the American Railway Union & later promoted the Socialist Party of America.

Back 8

Eugene V. Debbs

Hint 8

He ran for president five times & once won 6% of votes as an independent candidate.

Front 9

An Irish immigrant who lead the American labor movement; called "the mother of the laboring class" on her Children's March in 1903.

Back 9

Mary Harris "Mother" Jones

Hint 9

Led the Great Strike of 1877 & started the United Mine Workers of America (UMW)

Front 10

An oath that said a worker would not join the union.

Back 10

"Yellow Dog Contracts"

Hint 10

Later outlawed by the courts.

Front 11

A group of radical unionists and socialists who organized in 1905 to represent unskilled workers.

Back 11

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Hint 11

IWW members were called "the Wobblies" & included miners, lumberers, & cannery/dock workers.

Front 12

An alliance of trade and craft unions formed in 1886.

Back 12

American Federation of Labor
(AFL)

Hint 12

The AFL later joined with the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations)in 1955 in an alliance of industrial unions.

Front 13

An economic & social philosophy based on Darwin's theory of natural selection which says that holding a system of unrestrained competition will insure survival of the fittest.

Back 13

Social Darwinism

Hint 13

The weaker industries will fall victim to stronger industry which has a better chance of survival.

Front 14

An 1890 law intended to prevent the creation of monopolies by making it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.

Back 14

Sherman Antitrust Act

Hint 14

Trusts led to monopolies which some politicians felt hindered competition in business

Front 15

A Scottish immigrant born into poverty who became one of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune in steel production using the Bessemer Process.

Back 15

Andrew Carnegie

Hint 15

He contributed much of his fortune to charity to build public libraries.

Front 16

A "robber baron" who made a fortune on monopolizing the oil industry (ie. Standard Oil Company)

Back 16

John D. Rockefeller

Hint 16

In 10 yrs. he controlled 90% of oil refinery business by paying extremely low wages & undercutting competition by selling oil at lower cost than its production. When he controlled the market he would hike prices above their original levels.

Front 17

Carnegie's method of buying out his suppliers to control raw materials & transportation systems. This allowed companies producing similar products to merge.

Back 17

Vertical and Horizontal Integration

Hint 17

Carnegie used these two business strategies to monopolize the steel industry

Front 18

An 1887 law establishing the federal government's right to supervise railroad activities & created a 5 member Interstate Commerce Commission to do so.

Back 18

Interstate Commerce Act

Hint 18

This Act allowed the government to check the power of the railroad monopoly.

Front 19

Making steel stronger through injecting air into the ore during the smelting process.

Back 19

Bessemer Process

Hint 19

This process was developed in England by Henry B________
& was brought to the U.S.A. by Andrew Carnegie

Front 20

In 1880, he built a factory for manufacturing sleepers and other railroad cars on the Illinois prairie.

Back 20

George Pullman

Hint 20

He built a town called Pullman, Illinois for his workers and imposed unreasonalble rules for worker behavior which led to an 1894 strike

Front 21

A construction company whose stockholders gave it a contract to lay track at 2-3 times the actual cost & pocketed the profits; donating shares of stock to 20 congressional representatives in 1867

Back 21

Credit Mobilier

Hint 21

A business scandal which tarnished the reputation of the republican party.

Front 22

1877 Supreme Court case that upheld the Granger laws allowing states to regulate the railroads for the benefit of farmers & consumers

Back 22

Munn Vs. Illinois

Hint 22

It set a precedent that the federal government had the right to regulate private industry to serve the public interest.