Urine Formation

Front 1

Podocytes

Back 1

are cells in the Bowmans Capsule in the Kidneys that wraps around the capillaries of the Glomerulus

Front 2

Macula Densa cells

Back 2

sense changes in the sodium chloride level, and will trigger a autoregulatory reponse

Front 3

Juxtaglomerular cells or Granular cells

Back 3

Secretes Renin

Front 4

Macula Densa

Back 4

Sensitive to the concentration of NaCl in the distal convoluted Tubule

Front 5

1. decreases resistance to blood flow in the afferent arterioles

2. Increase renin release

Back 5

Effects of the signals of Macula Densa

Front 6

Aniostensin 1

Back 6

Renin reacts to angiotensinogen to form _________

Front 7

Angiostensin-converting Enzymes

Back 7

Release form the lungs that acts to Angiostensin I to form Agiostensin II

Front 8

Angiostenin II

Back 8

Angiostensin-Converting Enzyme that acts to Angiostensin I to form

Front 9

Angiostensin II

Back 9

Acts directly on blood vessels, stimulationg Vasoconstriction

Front 10

Angiostensin II

Back 10

acts on the adrenal Glands to stimulates release of Aldosterone

Front 11

Aldosterone

Back 11

Acts on the kidneys to stimulate reabsoption of Salt and Water

Front 12

Glomerular Filtration

Back 12

Kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste product out of the blood onto the urine collecting tubules of the kidney

Front 13

1. Capillary endothelium of the glomerulus

2. Inner Layer of Bowman's Capsule

3. Basement Membrane

Back 13

Physical Barriers

Front 14

Effective Filtration Pressure

Back 14

The pressure tending to force fluidnout of the capillary

Front 15

plasma Constituents

Back 15

readily crosses the barrier and their consentrations in the initial filtrate are about the same as in plasma

Front 16

Selective Tubular Reabsorption

Back 16

the process whereby certain molecules are reabsorbed from teh filtrate as they pass through the nephron

Front 17

Selective Tubular Secretion

Back 17

used to remove drugs, toxins, and poisons or other natural compounds in excessive amounts

Front 18

Glomerulus

Back 18

Filters small solutes from the blood

Front 19

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Back 19

reabsorbs ions,water and nutrients; removes toxins and adjust the filtrate pH

Reabsorbs some water,most salts and all sugar

Front 20

Descendind Loop of Henle

Back 20

decrease water potential

Front 21

Descending Hoop of Henle

Back 21

Addition of salt and removal of water

Front 22

Descending Hoop of Henle

Back 22

aquaporins allow water to pass from the filtrate into the intertitial fluid

Front 23

Ascending Loop of Henle

Back 23

Reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid

Front 24

Ascending Loop of Henle

Back 24

Water potential increases as salts are removed

Front 25

Collecting Ducts

Back 25

Water potential decreases again by the removal of water ensuring urine has low wate potential