Urinary System

Front 1

Adipose capsule

Back 1

Mass of fat tissue that encloses each kidney

Front 2

Bowman's capsule

Back 2

Hollow bulb at the proximal end of the nephron

Front 3

Calyces

Back 3

Cup-like extension of the renal pelvis

Front 4

Hilum

Back 4

Passageway where the renal arteries enter and veins and ureter exit

Front 5

Nephron

Back 5

Functional unit of kidney

Front 6

Renal cortex

Back 6

Outer portion of the kidney

Front 7

Renal fascia

Back 7

Fibrous connective tissue supports kidney

Front 8

Renal medulla

Back 8

Inner portion of the kidney

Front 9

Renal pelvis

Back 9

Many calyces form this; upper end ureter

Front 10

Blood supply through nephron in order

Back 10

Abdominal aorta

Renal artery

Afferent arteriole

Glomerulas

Efferent arteriole

Peritubular capillaries

Renal vein

Inferior vena cava

Front 11

Production of urine

Back 11

Pressure forces glomerular filtration

The tubeless reabsorbed substances

Blood enters the Glomerulas

Body secretes acids into tubules

Excess water and wastes excreted as urine

Front 12

Glomerular filtration

Back 12

substances leave the Glomerulas and enter Bowman's Capsule

Front 13

Tubular reabsorption

Back 13

Return useful substances to the bloodstream

Front 14

Tubular secretion

Back 14

Transporting substances from the blood in the Peritubular capillaries

Front 15

Excretion

Back 15

Removing waste products from the body

Front 16

Renal calculi

Back 16

Kidney stones

Front 17

Pyelonephritis

Back 17

inflammation of renal pelvis

Front 18

Hydronephrosis

Back 18

Distention of the renal pelvis with accumulation of fluid

Front 19

Chronic renal failure

Back 19

Gradual loss of nephrons

Front 20

Acute renal failure

Back 20

Sudden damage of tubules

Front 21

Acute glomerulonephritis

Back 21

Inflammation of Glomerulas; seen in children after strep throat

Front 22

control is when a person has control of their external sphincter able to control in urination occurs

Back 22

Involuntary

Front 23

Control is when an expanding bladder causes stretch receptors to send to CNS that bladder needs to be emptied

Back 23

Voluntary

Front 24

name for urination

Back 24

Micturaction

Front 25

The urge to urinate occurs when

Back 25

200cc of urine has accumulated in the bladder

Front 26

Normal output is how much in 24 hours period

Back 26

1000-2000

Front 27

The Bowman's Capsule filters out how much fluid a minute

Back 27

125ml

Front 28

How much of Bowman's Capsule is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

Back 28

99%

Front 29

An increase in osmotic blood pressure causes

Back 29

Increase in ADH

Front 30

Alcohol

Back 30

Decreases the secretion of ADH

Front 31

Alcohol

Back 31

Decreases the secretion of ADH

Cause increase in urination

Front 32

Caffeine

Back 32

Cause a loss of sodium

Increase in loss of water

Front 33

Caffeine will cause....

Back 33

Increase in loss of water

Front 34

Production of renin occurs when

Back 34

Drop in blood pressure

Front 35

Renin stimulates the production of

Back 35

Aldosterone

Front 36

Aldosterone causes...

Back 36

Blood vessels to constrict and BP level to increase

Front 37

When is dialysis done

Back 37

For patient in renal failure

Front 38

What is the purpose of dialysis

Back 38

To remove unwanted substances from the blood stream

Front 39

Normal pH range of urine is

Back 39

4.5-8

Front 40

The average pH of urine is

Back 40

6.0

Front 41

Urine is slightly

Back 41

Acidic

Front 42

What is specific gravity?

Back 42

Amount of dissolved substances in urine compared to water

Front 43

Normal range for specific gravity

Back 43

1.002- 1.04

Front 44

If urine is dialated

Back 44

Urine will have low specific gravity

Front 45

When kidney disease is present the urine concentration will

Back 45

Decreases and decrease in specific gravity

Front 46

Effect on aging

Back 46

Kidneys shrink b/c loss of nephron

Decrease in renal blood flow

Glucose reabsorption decreases

Nocturia