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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the principle contractile element |
sarcomere |
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What are the two main components of a sarcomere |
actin and mysoin |
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Which part of the sarcomere is considered the thin filament? Thick filament? |
actin myosin |
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When is a muscle no longer able to produce force? And why? |
when a muscle is shortened to 30-50% of its resting length b/c the contractile elements are maximally interlocked |
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When is a muscle incapable of generating force? And Why? |
When a muscle is maximally stretched B/c cross bridges between contractile filaments are pulled apart |
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What is active insufficiency? |
when the contractile elements can't shorten enough to produce maximum flexion at all joints they cross |
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What is passive insufficiency? |
When the contractile elements are stretched out and resist further stretching when all the joints they cross are extended |
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What are the three components of a lever? |
effort, load, and fulcrum |
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what is a lever? |
a machine consisting of a rigid structure pivoted at a fixed point |
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What kind of lever is this? load-fulcrum-effort Example? |
first class head moving up and down |
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What kind of lever is this? fulcrum-load-effort Example? |
second class standing on tippy toes |
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What kind of lever is this? fulcrum-effort-load Example? |
third class flexing of the arm |
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Compared to short muscle effort arm, to overcome the same resistance a muscle working on a long effort arm needs to generate more or less force? |
less |
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The calcaneal process increases the lever of what? Which allows what overall? |
triceps surae allowing them to overcome same resistance/load with less force |
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The olecranon process increases the lever of what? Which overall allows what? |
triceps brachii allowing them to overcome same resistance/load with less force |
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Muscle origin of limbs is usually based on what? Muscle insertion of limbs is usually based on what? |
proximal on the less mobile part distal on the more mobile part |
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Muscle origin of the trunk and neck is usually based on what? Muscle insertion of trunk and neck is usually based on what? |
infer (or caudal) superior (or cranial) |
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Muscle origin of the head is usually based on what? Muscle insertion of head is usually based on what? |
on the part that doesn't move on the part that moves |
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movement convention is based on what? |
with reference to the insertion segment |
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What are the joint types? |
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
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What are the kinds of fibrous joints?
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sutures and syndesmoses
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what are the kinds of cartilaginous joints? |
symphyses and synchrondroses |
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What are the functional classifications of synovial joints? |
hinge joint, gliding plane, saddle joint, pivot joint, ellipsoidal joint, ball and socket joint |
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How many axes does a ball and socket joint have? |
3 |
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What are the movements of a ball and socket joint? |
flexion and extension around transverse axis abduction and adduction around sagittal axis rotation of humerus around its long axis |
