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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the major divisions of the upper limb and the transition points between thesedivisions. What are the major structures present at these transition points? |
a. Shoulder attached to trunk and includes the scapula, clavicle, and proximal endof the humerus b. Arm between the shoulder and elbow joint and the major bone is the humerus. c. Forearm between elbow joint and wrist joint, and the bones are the ulna and radius. d. Hand distal to the wrist joint, and is made up of (bones) carpal, metacarpal, and phalanges. |
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Describe the movements that can be accomplished at the glenohumeral joint (shoulderjoint), elbow joint and wrist joint. |
Glenohumeral sliding and rotating the scapula on the thoracic wall changes theposition and extends the hand. Allows movement around 3 axes: flexion,extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, andcircumduction. Elbow flexion and extension of the forearm, and pronation and supination. Wrist abduction, adduction, flexed, extended, and circumduction. |
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What structures are related to the surgical neck and anatomical neck of the humerus? |
Surgical neck articulates with much smaller glenoid cavity of the scapula Anatomical neck lies between the head and the greater and lesser tubercles laterally, and between the head and the shaft medially. |
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A patient experiences injury to the axillary nerve. Describe the resulting loss of muscularfunction. |
The axillary nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles, in which, function ofthese muscles would be decreased or diminished. There would be difficulty in abductionof the arm and lateral rotation of the arm, due to the teres minor contributing to therotator cuff muscles. |
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What muscles constitute the rotator cuff, and how does their combined function contribute tothe integrity of the glenohumeral joint? |
Supraspinatus initiates abduction of arm at glenohumeral Infraspinatus lateral rotation of arm at glenohumeral Teres minor lateral rotation Subscapularis medial rotation |
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How would injury to the suprascapular nerve affect movement at the glenohumeral joint andhow would you test for this loss of function? |
The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles bothof these are rotator cuff muscles, and abduction and lateral rotation would be affected.Have patient reach behind head and try to touch the top of scapula. |
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Suprascapular Foramen |
Borders: Suprascapular notch of the scapula and superior transverse scaupular ligament Structures within: suprascapular nerve through the foramen; suprascapular artery and vein superior to the ligament |
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Quadrangular Space |
B o r d e r s : T e r e s m i n o r , s u r g i c a l n e c k o f h u m e r u s , T e r e s m a j o r , l o n g h e a dof the triceps brachii
Structures within: axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein |
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Triangular Space |
i . B o r d e r s : L o n g h e a d o f t h e t r i c e p s b r a c h i i , t e r e s m a j o r , t e r e s m i n o rii. Structures within: circumflex scapular artery and vein |
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Triangular interval |
i. Borders: long head of the triceps, shaft of humerus, teres major ii. Structures within: radial nerve and profunda brachii artery |
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Identify the structures that form the walls and floor of the axilla. What are the contents of theaxilla? |
Inlet-Rib 1, clavicle, and superior margin of scapula to coracoid process Anterior wall- Pec major and minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Lateral wall- intertubercular sulcus Posterior wall-Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and long head of triceps brachii Floor- skin of the armpit Medial wall- upper thoracic wall and serratus anterior Contents: Major vessels, nerves, and lymphatics of upper limb; biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles; axillary process of the breast; lymph nodes |
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Identify the two major vessels in coursing through the axilla. What are the main branches offof the artery? |
Axillary artery superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery, lateral thoracicartery, subscapular artery, anterior and posterior circumflex humberal arteries Brachial plexus |
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Brachial plexus |
****Real Texans Drink Cold Beer**** Roots C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 Trunks Superior (C5+C6), Middle (C7), Inferior (C8+T1) Divisions- Anterior (C7 comes together with C5/C6) and all Posterior meet in the middle Cords- Lateral (C5/6 side and anterior divisions), Posterior (all posterior divisions), Medial (C8/T1 side with anterior division) Terminal nerve branches (Lateral side to medial) Musculocutaneous, median, radial, ulnar Other nerve branches off the roots include: Dorsal scapular nerve, long thoracic nerve,and contribution to phrenic nerve |
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How would you test for loss of muscle function and cutaneous sensation after injury of theposterior cord, medial cord and lateral cord of the brachial plexus? |
Check for deformity of arm or hand, difficulty with moving the shoulder, arm or hand,diminished arm reflexes, wasting of muscles, and weakness of hand flexing. |
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Anterior compartment of arm muscle artery nerve |
Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii Brachialis Musculocutaneous (C5C6) |
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posterior compartment of arm muscle artery nerve |
Profunda brachii artery(largest branch of brachial artery) Muscle: Triceps Brachii Nerve: Radial nerve |
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Which nerves might be injured after fractures of the humerus at the surgical neck, the distalend, or the medial epicondyle? |
Surgical neck: Median nerve Distal end: Radial nerve Medial epicondyle: Ulnar nerve |
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Identify the three articulation points at the elbow joint. |
Joint between trochlear notch of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus Head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus Joint between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna |
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16. List the contents of the triangular cubital fossa. |
Tendon of the biceps brachii muscle, brachial artery, and the median nerve. |
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Supinate:
Pronate: |
Biceps brachii and supinator Pronator teres and pronator quadratus |
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Anterior compartment of forearm muscles arteries nerves |
Superficial: Flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus flexor carpi radialis pronator teres Middle: Flexor digitorum superficialis Deep Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus Arteries: Radial ulnar and anterior posterior interoseous artery Nerves: Median and ulnar nerves, and the superficial branch of the radial nerve. |
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Posterior compartment of forearm muscles arteries nerves |
Superficial: Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris Anconeus Deep: Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis nerves:Branches of radial and anterior/posterior interosseous Nerve: Radial nerve |
