Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Latissimus Dorsi |
Origin: T7 spine, spinous processes, supraspinous ligaments of lumbar + sacral vertebrae. Insertion: posterior layer lumbar fascia, posterior crest of ilium, posterior third outer lip of iliac crest, intertubercular groove Supply: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) from posterior cord of brachial plexus Extends shoulder joint, medially rotates humerus, adductor, lower muscle helps inspiration, other muscle helps expiration Test by abducting arm to right angle and adduct against resistance |
Origin, insertion, blood, nerve |
|
|
Sternocleidomastoid |
Supply: Accessory nerve |
Origin, insertion, blood, nerve |
|
|
Pectoralis Major |
1. Clavicular head origin is medial half of anterior surface of clavicle, insertion is lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus, anterior lip of deltoid tuberosity and deep fascia arm. C5+6 2. Sternocleidomastoid head origin anterior surface manubrium, body of sternum, aponeurosis external oblique and 1st 6 ribs. Insertion is as above and capsule ofshoulder joint. C7 + 8 + T1 Nerve supply: medial + lateral pectoral nerves (from same named cords) Action: medial rotator, adductor (sternocleidomastoid), shoulder flexion (clavicular), helps inspiration if abducted Test: Clavicular abducted to 90 degrees pushing forward against resistance. Sterno is abducted to 60 degrees and adducted against resistance. |
Origin, Insertion, Blood, Nerve, Action, Test |
|
|
Pectoralis Minor |
Origin 3rd-5th ribs. Insertion short thick tendon into medial border and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula. Supplied by pectoral nerve Assists serratus anterior in protraction of scapula and adduction |
|
|
|
Subclavius |
Origin is chostrochondral junction of first rib. Insertion is subclavian groove of inferior surface of clavicle. Supply: own nerve from upper trunk of brachial plexus (C5+6) Stabilises clavicle and may stop fractured clavicle from damaging subclavian vein |
Origin, insertion, nerve, action |
|
|
Levator Scapulae |
Forms floor of posterior triangle. Origin posterior tubercles of upper 4 cervical vertebrae Insertion to upper angle of scapula Supply: cervical plexus (C3, 4, anterior rami) and dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to rhomboids, C5) |
|
|
|
Triangle of auscultation |
Upper horizontal border latissimus dorsi, vertebral border of scapula, lateral border trapezius Deep to it is the cardiac orifice of stomach. Used to listen for oesophageal obstruction |
|
|
|
Rhomboid Major + Minor |
Major: originates from vertebral spines (T2-5) and supraspinous ligaments. Inserts into scapula from inferior angle to upper part of triangular area at base of scapular spine. Minor: originates from vertebral spines (C7 + T1). Inserts to medial border of scapula above the triangular area below levator scapulae Supply: dorsal scapular nerve (nerve to rhomboids) from C5 root Draw vertebral scapula medial and upwards, assist retraction of scapula |
|
|
|
Trapezius |
Origin: medial third C7 vertebra, ligamentum nuchae between occipital tuberance and vertebral spine, along spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments Insertion: lateral third clavicle posteriorly, medial border acromion, superior lip scapular spine Nerve: accessory (C1-5/6) within sternocleidomastoid and cervical plexus (C3-4) for proprioception from behind sternocleidomastoid Retracts + elevates scapula, prevents scapula depression, lateral flexion + extension neck, abduction of shoulder Test by shouldr shrug against resistance |
|
|
|
Trapezius |
Origin: medial third C7 vertebra, ligamentum nuchae between occipital tuberance and vertebral spine, along spinous processes and supraspinous ligaments Insertion: lateral third clavicle posteriorly, medial border acromion, superior lip scapular spine Nerve: accessory (C1-5/6) within sternocleidomastoid and cervical plexus (C3-4) for proprioception from behind sternocleidomastoid Retracts + elevates scapula, prevents scapula depression, lateral flexion + extension neck, abduction of shoulder Test by shouldr shrug against resistance |
|
|
|
Serratus Anterior |
Origin: ribs 1-8 Insertion: upper angle scapula, costal surface at vertebral border, slips of external oblique, inferior angle scapula Supply: Long thoracic nerve (nerve to serratus anterior) from C5-7 of brachial plexus Action: Protraction of scapula, rotating scapula laterally and up, apposition Test: outstretched hand against wall |
|
|
|
Coracobrachialis |
Origin: apex coracoid process, fusing with medial side short bead of biceps Insertion: Medial border humerus Supply: Musculocutaneous nerve Action: Weak flexor and adductor |
|
|
|
Biceps |
Origin: long head arises from supraglenoid tubercle + glenoid labrum. Short head arises from apex of coracoid process (lateral to coracobrachialis) Insertion: inserts into posterior borer of radial tuberosity Supply: musculocutanous C5-6 Action: Flexor shoulder and elbow, supinator, stabiliser of shoulder and abduction (if deltoid paralysed) |
|
|
|
Brachialis |
Origin: front lower 2/3s humerus and medial intermuscular septum Insertion: coronoid process and ulna tuberosity Supply: musculocutaneous + lateral by radial nerve Action: Flexor + extensor of elbow, prevent capsule entrapment by humerus and ulna |
|
|
|
Shoulder Abduction |
120 degrees + 60 degrees from scapula 90 degrees before lateral rotation of humerus Supraspinatus + acromial fibres deltoid |
|
|
|
Shoulder Adduction |
Short scapular muscles (except supraspinatus), pec major, lat dorsi |
|
|
|
Shoulder Flexion |
Clavicular head pec major and anterior fibres deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps. At range of movement uses sternocostal Head pec major |
|
|
|
Shoulder Flexion |
Clavicular head pec major and anterior fibres deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps. At range of movement uses sternocostal Head pec major |
|
|
|
Extension |
Lat dorsi, posterior fibres of deltoid, long head triceps |
|
|
|
Shoulder Rotation |
Lateral: infraspinatus, teres minor. Test by putting hands on head. Medial: subscapularis, teres major. Test by putting hands between scapulae |
|
|
|
Triceps |
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle upper axilla border of scapula to olecranon Lateral head: surgical neck + deltoid insertion posterior humerus to olecranon Medial head: Medial side radial groove, intermuscular septae, posterior surface humerus. Goes to olecranon, posterior capsule and shared tendon. Supply: Radial C7-8; long, medial, lateral, medial Action: extensor elbow + shoulder, stabilise shoulder in abduction (long head) Test: Abducted arm, flexed forearm extended against resistance. |
|
|
|
Pronator Teres |
Origin: common insertion, lower medial supracondylar ridge, medial border coronoid process of ulna Insertion: prominent part lateral convexity radius Supply: first branch of median nerve c6-7 Action: pronator, flexes elbow, adduct radius Test: in supine is pronated against resistance |
|
|
|
Flexor carpi radialis |
Origin: common origin Insertion: through flexor retinaculum to base 2nd + 3rd metacarpal +/- scaphoid. Supply: Median Action: Elbow + wrist flexion, wrist stabilisation, radial abductor of wrist, pronator |
|
|
|
Flexor carpi radialis |
Origin: common origin Insertion: through flexor retinaculum to base 2nd + 3rd metacarpal +/- scaphoid. Supply: Median Action: Elbow + wrist flexion, wrist stabilisation, radial abductor of wrist, pronator Test: flex wrist against resistance |
|
|
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis |
Origin: common origin, medial ligament, sublime tubercle on medial border coronoid process, anterior oblique line radial head Insertion: beneath flexor retinaculum to phalanges. Supply: median nerve Action: flexes PIPJ, MCPJ, wrist and elbow |
|
|
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis |
Origin: common origin, medial ligament, sublime tubercle on medial border coronoid process, anterior oblique line radial head Insertion: beneath flexor retinaculum to phalanges. Supply: median nerve Action: flexes PIPJ, MCPJ, wrist and elbow Test: Flex at PIPJ against resistance |
|
|
|
Palmaris Longus |
Origin: common origin Insertion: anterior flexor retinaculum into palmar aponeurosis Supply: Median nerve Action: weak flexor of wrist, minimal flexion at MCPJ. Test: wrist flexed pinky to thumb |
|
|
|
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris |
Origin: common, aponeurosis from medial border olecranon and upper 3/4s subcutaneous border ulna. Insertion: pisiform Supply: ulnar nerve C7-8, 95% from lateral cord Action: flexor wrist, ulnar adductor, fixator pisiform during hypothenar contraction Test: pinky abducted against resistance or wrist flexed and adducted against resistance |
|
|
|
Flexor digitorum profundus |
Origin: medial surface olecranon, upper 3/4 antero- medial ulna, interosseous membrane Insertion: through flexor tendon to fingers Supply: anterior interosseous branch median nerve (lateral) ulnar nerve (medial) C7-8 Action: Flex DIPJ, finger + wrist Test: supine extension, flex DIPJ against resistance with middle finger in extension |
|
|
|
Flexor pollicis longus |
Origin: anterior surface radius below oblique line but above pronator quadratus + interosseous membrane. Also some arise from FDS at coronoid process ulna Insertion: base distal phalanx thumb Supply: Anterior interosseous branch median nerve C8-T1 Action: Flexes all joints from IPJ to wrist Test: Flex distal phalanx against resistance |
|
|
|
Flexor pollicis longus |
Origin: anterior surface radius below oblique line but above pronator quadratus + interosseous membrane. Also some arise from FDS at coronoid process ulna Insertion: base distal phalanx thumb Supply: Anterior interosseous branch median nerve C8-T1 Action: Flexes all joints from IPJ to wrist Test: Flex distal phalanx against resistance |
|
|
|
Pronator quadratus |
Origin: lower 1/4 anteromedial ulna Insertion: anterolateral border radius above styloid process, triangular interosseous area Supply: anterior interosseous branch median nerve C8-T1 Action: pronator, holds radius and ulna together |
|
|
|
Brachioradialis |
Origin: upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: base styloid process radius Supply: radial nerve C5-6 Action: flex elbow joint causing radial styloid to be leading point in flexion elbow, weak pronator Test: flex midprone foream against resistance |
|
|
|
Brachioradialis |
Origin: upper 2/3 lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: base styloid process radius Supply: radial nerve C5-6 Action: flex elbow joint causing radial styloid to be leading point in flexion elbow, weak pronator Test: flex midprone foream against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor carpi radialis longus |
Origin: lower 1/3 lateral supracondylar ridge Insertion: base 2nd metacarpal Supply: Radial nerve C6-7 Action: extensor + abductor wrist and midcarpal joints, synergist during finger flexion, flexion elbow Test: extend and abduct wrist of pronated forearm against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
Origin: common extensor Insertion: base 3rd metacarpal Supply: posterior interosseous C6-7 Action: wrist extensor |
|
|
|
Extensor digitorum |
Origin: common extensor Insertion: phalanges Supply: posterior interosseous C7-8 Action: extends wrist + fingers Test: in pronation keep fingers extended against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor digiti minimi |
Origin: |
|
|
|
Extensor digiti minimi |
Origin: common extensor Insertion: little finger Supply: posterior interosseous C7-8 Action: assists ED in wrist and pink finger extension |
|
|
|
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
Origin: common extensor Insertion: base 5th metacarpal Supply: posterior interosseous C6-7 Action: extend + ulnar deviation wrist, synergist finger flexion Test: pronated + extended fingers, extend and adduct wrist against resistance |
|
|
|
Anconeus |
Origin: smooth facet lower extremity of lateral epicondyle Insertion: lateral olecranon Supply: radial nerve C7-8 Action: Extension and abduction ulna during pronation |
|
|
|
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
Origin: common extensor Insertion: base 5th metacarpal Supply: posterior interosseous C6-7 Action: extend + ulnar deviation wrist, synergist finger flexion Test: pronated + extended fingers, extend and adduct wrist against resistance |
|
|
|
Anconeus |
Origin: smooth facet lower extremity of lateral epicondyle Insertion: lateral olecranon Supply: radial nerve C7-8 Action: Extension and abduction ulna during pronation |
|
|
|
Supinator |
Deep head: origin supinator crest and fossa of ulna, inserting horizontally to area between anterior and posterior oblique lines Superficial head: origin from distal lateral epicondyle, radial collateral ligament and behind supinator crest. Inserts downwards above anterior oblique line. Supply: branch to supinator C5-6 from posterior interosseous nerve Action: fixes forearm in supination, main supinator only in full extension |
|
|
|
Abductor pollicis longus |
Origin: distal to posterior oblique line on radius, more proximal on ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: deep into trapezium and abductor pollicis brevis. Superficial into 1st MCPJ Supply: posterior interosseous nerve C7-8 Action: abducts thumb, abduct and flex wrist Test: thumb abducted at MCPJ against resistance |
|
|
|
Abductor pollicis longus |
Origin: distal to posterior oblique line on radius, more proximal on ulna and interosseous membrane Insertion: deep into trapezium and abductor pollicis brevis. Superficial into 1st MCPJ Supply: posterior interosseous nerve C7-8 Action: abducts thumb, abduct and flex wrist Test: thumb abducted at MCPJ against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor pollicis brevis |
Origin: below abductor pollicis longus on radius and interosseous membrane Insertion: base PIPJ Supply: posterior interosseous nerve C7-8 Action: extends carpo-metacarpal + MCPJ, prevent MCPJ flexion when pinching Test: thumb extended at MCPJ against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor pollicis longus |
Origin: below abductor pollicis longus on ulna Insertion: base DIPJ Supply: posterior interosseous nerve C7-8 Action: extends terminal phalanx, thumb back from opposition, assist extension + abduction wrist Test: thumb extended at IPJ against resistance |
|
|
|
Extensor indicis |
Origin: ulna distal to extensor pollicis longus Insertion: index finger Supply: posterior interosseous nerve C7-8 Action: extends index finger |
|
|
|
Snuff box |
Where: radial wrist Medial: extensor pollicis longus Lateral: extensor pollicis brevis + abductor pollicis longus Bones: thumb metacarpal distally, scaphoid, trapezium, radial styloid Contents: cephalic vein, radial nerve, radial artery |
|
|
|
Abductor pollicis brevis |
Origin: flexor retinaculum, tubercle scaphoid Insertion: radial side base proximal phalanx, tendon EPL Supply: muscular branch median nerve C8-T1 Action: Abducts thumb, proximal phalanx MCPJ and slightly rotates it Test: abduct against resistance at right angle to palm |
|
|
|
Flexor pollicis brevis |
Origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium Insertion: radial sesamoid thumb, radial border proximal phalanx Supply: muscular branch median nerve C8-T1. Can also be deep branch ulnar nerve |
|
|
|
Opponens pollicis |
Origin: flexor retinaculum and trapezium Insertion: radial border metacarpal thumb Supply: muscular branch median nerve C8-T1, can be ulnar supply too Test: oppose against resistance |
|
|
|
Abductor digiti minimi |
Origin: pisiform, flexor retinaculum Insertion: ulnar side base proximal phalanx and extensor expansion Supply: deep branch ulnar nerve C8-T1 Action: cup hand, grip |
|
|
|
Flexor digiti minimi |
Origin: flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate Insertion: base proximal phalanx Supply: deep branch ulnar nerve C8-T1 Action: cup palm, grip |
|
|
|
Opponens digiti minimi |
Origin: flexor retinaculum, hook of hamate Insertion: ulnar border 5th metacarpal Supply: deep branch ulnar nerve C8-T1 Action: cup palm, assist grip |
|
|
|
Rectus Sternalis |
In 1/20 people Vertical musculo-aponeurotic fibres on medial surface pec major. Upper fibres fuse with sternal tendon of SCM Derivative of rectus abdominis Supply: intercostal nerves |
|
|
|
Rectus Sternalis |
In 1/20 people Vertical musculo-aponeurotic fibres on medial surface pec major. Upper fibres fuse with sternal tendon of SCM Derivative of rectus abdominis Supply: intercostal nerves |
|
|
|
Clavipectoral Fascia |
Starts at inferior clavicle, in subclavian goove, as anterior and posterior sleeves. These enclose subclavius. At inferior border of subclavius (fuse to coracoid and 1st costochondral junction) it forms the costocoracoid ligament. Then travels down to enclose pec minor in anterior and posterior sleeves. At inferior border of pec minor, it forms suspensory ligament of axilla (maintains axillary hollow) Can be seen in infraclavicular fossa between deltoid and pec major Pierced inwards by lymphatics from infraclavicular nodes to apical nodes of axilla and cephalic vein Pierced outwards by lateral pectoral nerve and thoracoacromial vessels |
|
|
|
Axilla |
Bounded by anterior and posterior axillary folds Floor: axillary fascia from serratus anterior to deep fascia of arm, supported by suspensory ligament Anterior wall: pec major + minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi Medial wall: serratus anterior, 4th rib Apex: clavicle, scapula, 1st rib Contains: lymph nodes, neurovascular structures |
|
|
|
Axilla |
Bounded by anterior and posterior axillary folds Floor: axillary fascia from serratus anterior to deep fascia of arm, supported by suspensory ligament Anterior wall: pec major + minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi Medial wall: serratus anterior, 4th rib Lateral wall: intertubercular groove of humerus Apex: clavicle, scapula, 1st rib Contains: lymph nodes, neurovascular structures |
|
|
|
Axilla |
Bounded by anterior and posterior axillary folds Floor: axillary fascia from serratus anterior to deep fascia of arm, supported by suspensory ligament Anterior wall: pec major + minor, subclavius, clavipectoral fascia Posterior wall: subscapularis, teres major, lat dorsi Medial wall: serratus anterior, 4th rib Lateral wall: intertubercular groove of humerus Apex: clavicle, scapula, 1st rib Contains: lymph nodes, neurovascular structures including axillary artery, three brachial plexus cords, axillary vein |
|
