Upper Limb

Front 1

What are the 2 compartments of the arm?

Back 1

Anterior/Flexor compartment and Posterior/Extensor compartment.

Hint 1

To do with action or position.

Front 2

What does the anterior compartment contain?

Back 2

1. Biceps Brachii

2. Brachialis

3. Coracobrachialis

Hint 2

BBC

Front 3

What is the function of Biceps Brachii?

Back 3

Suppination of the Forearm and flexes arm at the elbow and shoulder.

Hint 3

Opening a bottle with a corkscrew

Front 4

What is the function of the Brachialis?

Back 4

1. Upper arm muscle that flexes the elbow joint.

2. Assists Biceps Brachii to flex at elbow.

3. Partially makes up floor of Cubital Fossa

Hint 4

Cubitus=Elbow (Latin),

BB help, movement

Front 5

What is the function of the Coracobrachialis?

Back 5

1. Flexes and adducts the arm at the Glenohumural joint.

2. Resists deviation of the arm during abduction (from the frontal plane)

Hint 5

It both draws the humerus forward, (causing shoulder flexion) also draws the humerus toward the torso, causing shoulder adduction

Front 6

What are these muscles innervated by?

Back 6

The Musculocutaneous Nerve

Hint 6

It's Cute

Front 7

Where does the nerve arise from? Blood Supply?

Back 7

5th and 6th Cervical Spinal Nerves; Brachial Artery

Hint 7

Latin for 'of the hand'?

Front 8

What does the posterior compartment contain?

Back 8

Triceps Brachii

Hint 8

Wussy :-(

Front 9

What is the function of the Triceps Brachii

Back 9

The Triceps Brachii performs extension of the arm at the elbow.

Front 10

What is this muscle innervated by? Blood Supply?

Back 10

The Radial Nerve (C6, C7, C8, mainly C7); The Profunda Brachii/Deep Brachial Artery

Hint 10

Radical Dude

Front 11

What are the bones of the upper limb?

Back 11

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpal Bones, Metacarpal Bones, Phalanges

Hint 11

Carpus=Wrist (Latin)

Phalanx: Line of Soldiers

Front 12

Name the Carpal Bones (Lateral to Medial)

Back 12

Proximal: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Hint 12

Scaphoid: Bone-Shaped

Lunate: Moon shaped (longitu.)

Pisiform: Pea-shaped

Trapezium: "the thumb swings on the trapezium"

Capitate: largest carpal bone

She Looks Too Pretty, Try Catch Her

Front 13

What are the Base, Body and Head of the Metacarpals and Phalanges?

Back 13

Base: Proximal End (articulates with carpal/metacarpals)

Body/Diaphysis: Slender shaft

Head: Distal End, Usually articulates with .

Front 14

What muscles make up the

Rotatory Cuff?

Back 14

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

Hint 14

SITS

Front 15

What is the function of Rotatory Cuff muscles?

Back 15

1. They all stabilise the Glenohumeral Joint

2. Individually, they function as rotors of the humerus

3. Exception: Supraspinatus initiates abduction of the arm

Hint 15

Stabilise...

Front 16

Define Brachial Plexus.

Back 16

A complex network of nerves which arises from the neck and extends into the Axilla where it mostly branches out.

Hint 16

Supplies the Upper Limb the most

Front 17

Roots of the Brachial Plexus are formed from the...

Back 17

Anterior Rami of Spinal nerves: C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1

Hint 17

Cervical and Thoracic nerves

Front 18

What is the Brachial Plexus divided into?

Back 18

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords and Branches

Hint 18

Reach To Drink Cold Beer; Draw 3 Ys (Middle Reflected), X between C5 &C6

Front 19

What nerves are found on the Superior Trunk? Innervations?

Back 19

Subclavius Nerve (Subclavius Muscle); Suprascapular Nerve (Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles)

Hint 19

S-nerves

Front 20

Which nerve is found near the root of C5 and what does it innervate?

Back 20

Dorsal Scapular Nerve (Rhomboid Major and Rhomboid Minor)

Hint 20

DSN

Front 21

What nerve arises from the roots of C5, C6 and C7? Innervation?

Back 21

Thoracic Nerve (of Bell); Serratus Anterior Muscle

Hint 21

C5, 6, 7 Bells of Heaven, Pointing to heaven needs this muscle to contract

Front 22

What are the five terminal nerves?

Back 22

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median and Ulnar nerves.

Hint 22

MARMU

Front 23

What are the nerves found on the Medial Cord? Innervations?

Back 23

1. Medial (Antebrachial) Cutaneous Nerve of the Forearm. (Skin)

2. Medial (Brachial) Cutaneous Nerve of the Arm. (Skin more medial)

3. Medial Pectoral Nerve (Pectoralis Major and Minor Muscles)

Hint 23

M-Nerves

Note: Lateral Pectoral Nerve innervates Pec M. From Lateral Cord!

Cutaneous: relating to or affecting the skin.

Front 24

What are the nerves of the Posterior Division? Innervations?

Back 24

Upper (Subscapularis muscle) and Lower (Subscapularis and Teres Major) Subscapular nerves, Thoracodorsal (Latissimus Dorsi Muscle), Radial (a lot) and Axillary (Deltoid and Teres Minor)

Hint 24

ULTRA

Front 25

What are the 3 categories of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

Back 25

Superficial, Intermediate and Deep

Hint 25

SID, muscles mostly perform flexion and pronation

Front 26

What are the superficial muscles?

Back 26

1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

2. Palmaris Longus

3. Flexor Carpi Radialis

4. Pronator Teres

Hint 26

Place thumb on their Origin (Medial Epicondyle) and 4 fingers on forearm. From Medial (pinky) to Lateral (index): FPFP

Front 27

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

Back 27

1. Flexion and Adduction of the wrist.

2. Medial Epicondyle and Ulna

3. Pisiform of Carpus

4. Ulnar Nerve

Hint 27

Pinky

Front 28

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Palmaris Longus?

Back 28

1. Flexion at the wrist

2. Medial Epicondyle

3. Flexor Retinaculum of wrist

4. Median Nerve

Hint 28

Ring, Just distal to the wrist, reflecting back PL will find you the median nerve underneath it.

Front 29

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Carpi Radialis?

Back 29

1. Flexion and Abduction of the wrist

2. Medial Epicondyle

3, Base of Metacarpals II and III

4. Median

Hint 29

Middle

Front 30

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Pronator Teres?

Back 30

1. Pronation of the Forearm

2. Medial Epicondyle and Coronoid Process (Ulna)

3. Mid-shaft of Radius

4. Median

Hint 30

Index, its lateral border forms the medial border of the Cubital Fossa

Front 31

What is the Cubital Fossa?

Back 31

An area of transition between anatomical arm and forearm

Hint 31

Located as a depression on anterior surface of elbow joint, 'anatomical triangle' appearance

Front 32

The Cubital Fossa is triangular in shape, what are its borders?

Back 32

1. Lateral Border (Medial border of Brachioradialis Muscle)

2. Medial Border (Lateral border of Pronator Teres Muscle)

3. Superior Border (imaginary line between the Humerus' Epicondyles)

Hint 32

Floor: Prox. by Brachialis and Dis. by Supinator Muscle

Roof: Skin and Fascia Bicipital Aponeurosis reinforces it.

Note: Within the Roof is the Median Cubital Vein (Venipuncture site)

Front 33

What are the contents of the Cubital Fossa? (4)

Back 33

1. Radial Nerve (near it)

2. Biceps Tendon (Attaches to Radial Tuberosity)

3. Brachial Artery (bifurcates into Radial and Ulnar at apex of CF)

4. Median Nerve (Supplies flexor muscles in forearm)

Hint 33

Really Need Beer To Be At My Nicest

Front 34

List the clinical relevance of the Cubital Fossa

Back 34

1. Brachial Pulse: palpating medial to biceps tendon to feel

2. Blood Pressure: Stethoscope placed here for Korotkoff sounds

3. Venipuncture: Median Cubital Vein is superficial and accessible

Hint 34

Median Cubital Vein connects Basilic and Cephalic veins

Front 35

Which muscle is in the Intermediate Compartment?

Back 35

The Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Hint 35

Sometimes classed as Superficial, but often deeper in Cadavers

Note: Anatomical Landmark; Median and Ulnar Nerve pass between 2 heads and travel posteriorly.

Front 36

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?

Back 36

1. Flexes Metacarpophalangeal, prox. interphalangeal joints (at the 4 fingers) and wrist

2. 2 heads; Medial Epicondyle and Radius

3. Attaches to middle phalanges of 4 fingers

4. Median Nerve

Hint 36

The muscle splits into four tendons at wrist which travel down carpal tunnel.

Front 37

What are the muscles of the deep compartment?

Back 37

1. Flexor Digitorum Profundus

2. Flexor Pollicis Longus

3. Pronator Quadratus

Hint 37

Profundus: Deep

Pollicis: from Pollex (Thumb)

Quadratus: roughly Square or rectangular

Front 38

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

Back 38

1. The only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints (fingers). Also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.

2. Ulna and associated interosseous membrane

3. Distal phalanges of the four fingers

4. A) Medial half: Ulnar nerve

B) Lateral half: Median nerve

Hint 38

Anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

Front 39

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

Back 39

1. The only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints (fingers). Also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.

2. Ulna and associated interosseous membrane

3. Distal phalanges of the four fingers

4. A) Medial half: Ulnar nerve

B) Lateral half: Median nerve

Hint 39

anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

Front 40

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

Back 40

1. Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

2. Anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane

3. Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

4. Median nerve

Hint 40

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

Front 41

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Digitorum Profundus?

Back 41

1. The only muscle that can flex the distal interphalangeal joints (fingers). Also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.

2. Ulna and associated interosseous membrane

3. Distal phalanges of the four fingers

4. A) Medial half: Ulnar nerve

B) Lateral half: Median nerve

Hint 41

anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

Front 42

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Flexor Pollicis Longus?

Back 42

1. Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb

2. Anterior surface of the radius and surrounding interosseous membrane

3. Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

4. Median nerve

Hint 42

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

Front 43

What is the 1. Function, 2. Origin, 3. Attachment and 4. Innervation of the Pronator Quadratus

Back 43

1. Pronates the forearm

2. Anterior surface of the Ulna

3. Anterior surface of the Radius

4. Median nerve

Hint 43

A square shaped muscle, found deep to the tendons of the FDP and FPL.

Median nerve (anterior interosseous branch)

Front 44

Superficial Compartment

Back 44

Intermediate Compartment

Hint 44

Deep Compartment

Front 45

Do the Reflex Dance!!

Back 45

S1, S2: Ankle Reflex

L3, L4: Knee Reflex

C5, C6:BicepsReflex

C7, C8: Triceps Reflex

Hint 45

Ankle

Knee

Biceps

Triceps

Front 46

What does the Axial Skeleton/Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

Back 46

Axial: Bones of the Head (Skull/Cranium), Neck (Cervical Vertebrae) and Trunk (Ribs, Sternum, Vertebrae and Sacrum)

Front 47

What does the Appendicular Skeleton consist of?

Back 47

Appendicular: Bones of the Limbs (including those forming the Pectoral and Pevic Girdles)

Hint 47

Pectoral Girdle: Clavicle and Scapular

Front 48

Where is the Clavicle (collarbone) located?

Back 48

Extends between the Manubrium of the sternum and the Acromion of the Scapula

Hint 48

Classified as a Long Bone, S-Shaped

Front 49

What is the Clavicle's Function?

Back 49

1. Attaches the upper limb to the trunk.

2. Protects the underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb.

3. Transmits shocks (traumatic impacts) from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

Hint 49

Attaches Axial Skeleton to Appendicular Skeleton.

Front 50

What is the common fracture site of the Clavicle?

Back 50

The Junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3. After fracture, the lateral end of the clavicle is displaced inferiorly by the weight of the arm, and medially, by the Pectoralis Major. The medial end is pulled superiorly, by the sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Hint 50

Most commonly fractured bone; from fall onto shoulder or outstretched hand

Front 51

What are the consequences of the Clavicular Fracture?

Back 51

Damage results in unopposed medial rotation of the upper limb – the ‘waiters tip’ position/Erb's Palsy

Hint 51

The Suprascapular nerves (medial, intermedial and lateral) may be damaged by the upwards movement of the medial part of the fracture. They innervate the lateral rotators of the upper limb at the shoulder.

Front 52

What are the functions of the Scapular?

Back 52

1. It articulates with the Humerus at the Glenohumeral joint,

2. It articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.

(In doing so, the scapula connects the upper limb to the Trunk)

3. Attachment site of 17 muscles

Hint 52

The Shoulder joint is dislocated anteriorly, everything else is posteriorly dislocated.

Front 53

What does the Costal (Anterior) Surface of the Scapular have?

Back 53

1. Subscapular Fossa

2. Superolateral surface has Corocoid Process (Attachment site of Short head of BB, Pec.)

Hint 53

Anterior surface of the scapula is termed ‘costal’; as it's the side facing the ribcage.

Front 54

What does the Lateral Surface of the Scapular have?

Back 54

1. Glenoid Fossa

2. Supraglenoid tubercle

3. Infraglenoid tubercle

Hint 54

1. Articulates with Humerus to form Glenohumeral joint.

2. Attachment site of long head of BB

3. Attachment site of long head of TB

Front 55

What does the Posterior Surface of the Scapular have?

Back 55

1. Spine

2. Infraspinous Fossa

3. Supraspinous Fossa

Hint 55

1. It runs transversely across the scapula, dividing the surface into two.

2. Area below spine

3. Area above spine

Front 56

What does the Subclavian artery go through to become the Axillary artery?

Back 56

The lateral border of the 1st rib

Hint 56

Not Clavicle

Front 57

Where does the Axillary nerve run? Innervates?

Back 57

1. Behind the Surgical Neck of the Humerus

2. Deltoids ad Teres Minor

Hint 57

Shoulder, Surgical Neck Fracture: No abduction of arm (15 to 90 degrees prevented)

Front 58

The Median Nerve Runs Anterior to...

Innervates...

Back 58

1. The Elbow

2. Thenar Eminence, Lateral 3 and a 1/2 finger tips.

Hint 58

THenaR: Thumb via Recurrent Branch. Thenar Atrophy

Front 59

The Median Nerve's injured to function may lead to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Suspected by...

Back 59

1. Myxedema

2. Edema

3. Diabetes

4. Idiopathic

5. Acromegaly

6. Neoplasm

7. Trauma

8. Rhumatoid Arthritis

9. Amyloidosis

10. Pregnancy

Hint 59

MEDIAN TRAP

Front 60

Where is the Radial Nerve located? Innervations? Injured by?

Back 60

1. Posterior part of the Arm, Radial Groove.

2. Triceps, Brachioradialis and Extensors of the Wrist. Medial 3 and a 1/2 below finger tips.

Hint 60

Injured by the fracture of the body of the Humerus, Saturday Night Palsy (Compression of Axilla i.e. Crutches): Causes wrist drop.

Front 61

Ulnar Nerve runs...

Injured by...

Back 61

1. Posterior to the Medial Epicondyle.

2. Medial Epicondyle and Hook of Hamate Fracture.

Hint 61

Results in the inability to adduct or abduct fingers.

In Ulnar Claw Hand U can't extend the 4th & 5th digits open from fist.