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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Molecule
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a COVALENTLY bonded substance; can be atoms of the same element (Ex: diatomic elements/molecules); molecular substance = covalent substance
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Compound
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a substance composed of two or more atoms from different elements CHEMICALLY bonded together
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Bond
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forces of attraction that hold atoms together in a molecule or compound
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Octet Rule
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atoms bond together in order to have 8 electrons in their valence shell
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Exothermic
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energy is RELEASED as a product of a chemical reaction
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Endothermic
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energy is CONSUMED as a product of a chemical reaction
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Ionic Bond
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chemical bond involving the TRANSFER of electrons between a metal and nonmetal atom (metals lose, nonmetals gain); electronegativity difference between elements typically GREATER than 1.7
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Covalent Bond
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chemical bond involving the SHARING of electrons between two nonmetal atoms; electronegativity difference between elements typically LESS than 1.7
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Oxidation number
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the “charge” an element has within a compound
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Polyatomic ions
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atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded together and having a NET CHARGE
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Stock system
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system using Roman numerals (appearing in parentheses) after the element symbol to indicate the oxidation number of a TRANSITION METAL
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Binary compound
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compound containing 2 ELEMENTS (example: CO2)
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Ternary compound
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compound containing 3 ELEMENTS (example: C6H12O6)
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Polar molecule
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a covalent molecule with an unequal sharing of electrons; an asymmetrical covalent molecule; covalent molecule that does not pass the mirror test and/or has lone pairs of electrons around the central atom
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Nonpolar molecules
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a molecule with equal sharing of electrons; a symmetrical covalent molecule; covalent molecule that does passes the mirror test and does not have lone pairs of electrons around the central atom
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Intermolecular forces (IMF’s)
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weak forces between molecules that hold the molecules to one another; not actually chemical bonds
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