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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is an Ionic Bond?
When an electron is transferred from a metal to a non-metal, an ionic bond is formed
Metals have ______ ionization energies (IE) and they prefer to ______ e-'s and become ______
low

lose

cations
Non-metals have ______ ionization energies (IE) and they prefer to ______ e-'s and become ______
high

gain

anions
What happens to the atomic radii when a cation is formed? Why?
Z_eff increases due to decreased shielding, & remaining e-'s are held tighter
What happens to the atomic radii when a anion is formed? Why?
Z_eff decreases due to increased shielding, & each e- is held a little looser
What happens when a non-metal gains e-'s? What happens to the name?
Becomes an anion

Change name by adding "-ide" to the end

chlorine --> chloride
oxygen --> oxide
sulfur --> sulfide
Non-metals want to ______ e-'s in order to ______
gain, fill their outer shell
When a metal ______ e-'s, it becomes a ______. What happens to the name?
loses, cation

add the word "ion" after the atom name

sodium --> sodium ion
calcium --> calcium ion
The more EN atom is always the ______
anion
Describe some of the general trends of the periodic table
What is the oxidation state
the charge on an atom assuming the bonds are ionic
Rules of oxidation states
-total charges from each atom must add up to the overall charge on the substance

-the most electronegative atom will be the anion
Steps for determining the oxidation states
1. Choose the most electronegative atom. This is anion.

2. Assign oxidation states to unambiguous atoms.

3. All other oxidation states must be calculated so that the total charge equals to the overall charge
What are polyatomic ions?
charged groups of covalently bound atoms

usually made up of nonmetals

many are oxoanions
What are oxoanions?
An atom bound to one or more oxygens
When does an oxoanion have the suffix "-ate"
When the non-oxygen atom is in the highest possible oxidation state

**Remember "ate" = "at" Group #**

NO_3 - = nitrate
(N ox.st. = 5+)
When does an oxoanion have the suffix "-ite"
When the non-oxygen atom is in the next lower oxidation state (Group # -2)

**Remember the i in "ite" has two marks in letter, thus the ox.st. = Group# - 2**

NO_2 - = nitrite
(N ox.st. = 3+)
When an electron is transferred from a metal to a non-metal, an________is formed
ionic bond