Ionic bonds generally occur between a metallic atom and a nonmetallic atom. The bond results from the transfer of one or more electrons from the metallic atom to the nonmetallic atom, resulting in a charge difference. The positively charged metal ion is then attracted to the negatively charged non-metallic ion.
Covalent bonding generally occurs between two or more nonmetallic atoms. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons.