Unit 4 Anatomy

Front 1

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID (DNA)

Back 1

SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUPS, AND ORGANIC RINGS - 4 NITROGENOUS BASES

Front 2

NUCLEOTIEDES

Back 2

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE COMPOSED OF NITROGENOUS BASE, A MONOSACCHARIDE, AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP; THE MONOMER OF A NUCLEIC ACID

Front 3

NITROGENOUS BASE

Back 3

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE WITH A SINGLE OR DOUBLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING THAT FORMS ONE OF THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATP, OTHER NUCLEOTIEDS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS; THE BASIS OF GENETIC CODE

Front 4

CYTOSINE

Back 4

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES; BASE FOR DNA

Front 5

THYMINE

Back 5

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES;BASE FOR DNA

Front 6

ADENINE

Back 6

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 7

GUANINE

Back 7

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 8

BASE PAIRS

Back 8

A-T AND C-G ARE BASE PAIRS OF DNA. IF THERE IS AN A THERE USUALLY IS A T ACROSS FROM IT.

Front 9

CHROMATIN

Back 9

FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL IN THE INTERPHASE NUCLEUS, COMPOSED OF DNA AND ASSOCIATED PROTIENS

Front 10

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID (DNA)

Back 10

SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUPS, AND ORGANIC RINGS - 4 NITROGENOUS BASES

Front 11

NUCLEOTIEDES

Back 11

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE COMPOSED OF NITROGENOUS BASE, A MONOSACCHARIDE, AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP; THE MONOMER OF A NUCLEIC ACID

Front 12

NITROGENOUS BASE

Back 12

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE WITH A SINGLE OR DOUBLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING THAT FORMS ONE OF THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATP, OTHER NUCLEOTIEDS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS; THE BASIS OF GENETIC CODE

Front 13

CYTOSINE

Back 13

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES; BASE FOR DNA

Front 14

THYMINE

Back 14

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES;BASE FOR DNA

Front 15

ADENINE

Back 15

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 16

GUANINE

Back 16

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 17

BASE PAIRS

Back 17

A-T AND C-G ARE BASE PAIRS OF DNA. IF THERE IS AN A THERE USUALLY IS A T ACROSS FROM IT.

Front 18

CHROMATIN

Back 18

FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL IN THE INTERPHASE NUCLEUS, COMPOSED OF DNA AND ASSOCIATED PROTIENS

Front 19

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID (DNA)

Back 19

SUGAR, PHOSPHATE GROUPS, AND ORGANIC RINGS - 4 NITROGENOUS BASES

Front 20

NUCLEOTIEDES

Back 20

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE COMPOSED OF NITROGENOUS BASE, A MONOSACCHARIDE, AND A PHOSPHATE GROUP; THE MONOMER OF A NUCLEIC ACID

Front 21

NITROGENOUS BASE

Back 21

AN ORGANIC MOLECULE WITH A SINGLE OR DOUBLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING THAT FORMS ONE OF THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF ATP, OTHER NUCLEOTIEDS, AND NUCLEIC ACIDS; THE BASIS OF GENETIC CODE

Front 22

CYTOSINE

Back 22

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES; BASE FOR DNA

Front 23

THYMINE

Back 23

SINGLE CARBON-NITROGEN RING AND CLASSIFIED AS PYRIMIDINES;BASE FOR DNA

Front 24

ADENINE

Back 24

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 25

GUANINE

Back 25

PURINES CLASSIFICATION WITH DOUBLE RINGS; BASE FOR DNA

Front 26

BASE PAIRS

Back 26

A-T AND C-G ARE BASE PAIRS OF DNA. IF THERE IS AN A THERE USUALLY IS A T ACROSS FROM IT.

Front 27

CHROMATIN

Back 27

FILAMENTOUS MATERIAL IN THE INTERPHASE NUCLEUS, COMPOSED OF DNA AND ASSOCIATED PROTIENS

Front 28

LAW OF COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

Back 28

THE FACT THAT ONE STRAND GOVERNS THE BASE SEQUENCE OF THE OTHER

Front 29

CHROMOSOMES

Back 29

CHROMATIN IN 46 LONG FILAMENTS

Front 30

HISTONES

Back 30

DISC SHAPED CLUSTER OF EIGHT PROTEINS

Front 31

LAW OF COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

Back 31

THE FACT THAT ONE STRAND GOVERNS THE BASE SEQUENCE OF THE OTHER

Front 32

SISTER CHROMATIDS

Back 32

TWO PARALLEL FILAMENTS OF CHROSOMES

Front 33

CENTROMERE

Back 33

TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, RODLIKE SISTER CHROMATIDS JOINED TOGETHER AT A PINCHED SPOT

Front 34

CHROMOSOMES

Back 34

CHROMATIN IN 46 LONG FILAMENTS

Front 35

HISTONES

Back 35

DISC SHAPED CLUSTER OF EIGHT PROTEINS

Front 36

KINETOCHORE

Back 36

A PROTEIN PLAQUE ON EACH SIDE OF THE CENTROMERE

Front 37

SISTER CHROMATIDS

Back 37

TWO PARALLEL FILAMENTS OF CHROSOMES

Front 38

URACIL

Back 38

THE FOURTH BASE FOR RNA THAT TAKES THE PLACE OF THYMINE WHICH IS IN DNA

Front 39

CENTROMERE

Back 39

TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, RODLIKE SISTER CHROMATIDS JOINED TOGETHER AT A PINCHED SPOT

Front 40

GENE

Back 40

INFORMATION CONTAINING SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MOLECULE OF RNA

Front 41

KINETOCHORE

Back 41

A PROTEIN PLAQUE ON EACH SIDE OF THE CENTROMERE

Front 42

GENOME

Back 42

DNA OF BOTH CODING AND NONCODING IN ONE 23 CHROMOSOME SET

Front 43

URACIL

Back 43

THE FOURTH BASE FOR RNA THAT TAKES THE PLACE OF THYMINE WHICH IS IN DNA

Front 44

GENE

Back 44

INFORMATION CONTAINING SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MOLECULE OF RNA

Front 45

GENOME

Back 45

DNA OF BOTH CODING AND NONCODING IN ONE 23 CHROMOSOME SET

Front 46

LAW OF COMPLEMENTARY BASE PAIRING

Back 46

THE FACT THAT ONE STRAND GOVERNS THE BASE SEQUENCE OF THE OTHER

Front 47

CHROMOSOMES

Back 47

CHROMATIN IN 46 LONG FILAMENTS

Front 48

HISTONES

Back 48

DISC SHAPED CLUSTER OF EIGHT PROTEINS

Front 49

SISTER CHROMATIDS

Back 49

TWO PARALLEL FILAMENTS OF CHROSOMES

Front 50

CENTROMERE

Back 50

TWO GENETICALLY IDENTICAL, RODLIKE SISTER CHROMATIDS JOINED TOGETHER AT A PINCHED SPOT

Front 51

KINETOCHORE

Back 51

A PROTEIN PLAQUE ON EACH SIDE OF THE CENTROMERE

Front 52

URACIL

Back 52

THE FOURTH BASE FOR RNA THAT TAKES THE PLACE OF THYMINE WHICH IS IN DNA

Front 53

GENE

Back 53

INFORMATION CONTAINING SEGMENT OF DNA THAT CODES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MOLECULE OF RNA

Front 54

GENOME

Back 54

DNA OF BOTH CODING AND NONCODING IN ONE 23 CHROMOSOME SET

Front 55

GENOMICS

Back 55

THE COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE WHOLE GENOME AND HOW ITS GENES AND NONCODING DNA INTERACT TO AFFECT THE STRUCTER AND FUNCTION OF THE WHOLE ORGANISM

Front 56

GENETIC CODE

Back 56

SYSTEM THAT ENABLES A,T,C, AND G TO CODE FOR THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCES OF ALL PROTEINS

Front 57

BASE TRIPLET

Back 57

A SEQUENCE OF THREE DNA NUCLEOTIDES THAT STAND FOR ONE AMINO ACID

Front 58

CODON

Back 58

A THREE BASE SEQUENCE IN MRNA

Front 59

STOP CODON

Back 59

UAG, UGA, AND UAA, SINGNAL END OF MESSAGE AND ENABLES THE CELL;S PROTEIN SYNTHESIZING MACHINERY TO SENSE THAT IT HAS REACHED THE END OF THE INSTRUCTION

Front 60

MESSENGER RNA

Back 60

SORT OF MIRROR IMAGE COPY OF THE GENE

Front 61

TRANSFER RNA

Back 61

DELIVERS AMINO ACIDS TO THE RIBOSOME

Front 62

TRANSCRIPTION

Back 62

THE PROCESS OF COPYING GENETIC INSTRUCTIONS FROM DNA TO RNA

Front 63

RNA POLYMERASE

Back 63

AN ENZYME THAT BINDS TO THE DNA AND ASSEMBLES THE RNA

Front 64

TRANSLATION

Back 64

CONVERTS THE LANGUAGE OF NUCLEOTIDES INTO THE LANGUAGE OF AMINO ACIDS

Front 65

ANTICODON

Back 65

TRNA MOLECULES THAT TURN BACK AND COILS ON ITS SELF TO FORM AND L SHAPE ANTICODONS ARE THREE NUCLEOTIDES AT THE END OF THIS SHAPE.

Front 66

POLYRIBOSOME

Back 66

A CLUSTER OF 10 OR 20 RIBOSOMES IN MRNA

Front 67

CHAPERONE

Back 67

A NEW PROTEIN IS ASSEMBLED BYA RIBOSOME AND IS PICKED BU BY AN OLDER PROTEIN

Front 68

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Back 68

ENZYMES IN CISTERNA MODIFY THE NEW PROTEINS - REMOVING SOME AMINO ACID SEGMENTS, FOLDING THE PROTEIN AND STABILIZING IT WITH DISULFIDE BRIDGES, OR ADDING CARBOHYDRATES

Front 69

TRANSPORT VESICLES

Back 69

BUBBLE LIKE PEICES OF A PROTEIN PINCHED OFF OF ROUGH ER

Front 70

GOLGI VESICLES

Back 70

FINISHED PROTEIN TAKEN OFF OF GOLGI CISTERNA

Front 71

SECRETORY VESICLES

Back 71

FUSE WITH PLASMA MEMBRANE TO RELEASE THE CELL PRODUCT BY EXOCYTOSIS

Front 72

DNA HELICASE

Back 72

A ZIPPER LIKE ENZYME

Front 73

REPLICATION FORK

Back 73

POINT WHERE THE DNA IS OPENED UP LIKE THE TWO HALVES OF A ZIPPER

Front 74

DNA LIGASE

Back 74

SEGMENTS ARE JOINED TOGETHER BY ANOTHER ENZYME

Front 75

MUTATIONS

Back 75

CHANGES IN DNA STRUCTURE

Front 76

CELL CYCLE

Back 76

DIVISION OF CELLS INTO TWO DAUGHTER CELLS, SO THE CELL HAS A LIFE CYCLE EXTENDING FROM ONE DIVISION TO THE NEXT

Front 77

MITOSIS

Back 77

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIVIDUAL, GROWTH OF ALL TISSUES AND ORGANS AFTER BIRTH; REPLACEMENT OF CELLS THAT DIE; AND REPAIR OF DAMAGED TISSUES

Front 78

PROPHASE

Back 78

CHROMOSOMES SHORTEN AND THICKEN COILING INTO COMPACT RODS THAT ARE EASIER TO DISTRIBUTE TO DAUGHTER CELLS

Front 79

SPINDLE FIBERS

Back 79

ELONGATED MICROTUBLES THAT PUSH THE CENTRIOLES APART AS THEY GROW

Front 80

METAPHASE

Back 80

CHROMOSOMES ARE ALIGNED ON THE CELL EQUATOR OSCILLATING SLIGHTLY AND WAITING ON A SIGNAL THAT STIMULATES EACH OF THEM TO SPLIT

Front 81

MITOTIC SPINDLE

Back 81

SPINDLE FIBERS THAT ARE NOW FORMED LIKE A LEMON

Front 82

ANAPHASE

Back 82

ACTIVATION OF AN ENZYME THAT CLEAVES THE TWO SISTER CHROMATIDS FROM EACH OTHER AT THE CENTROMERE. ONE DAUGHTER CHROMOSOME MIGRATES TO EACH POLE.

Front 83

TELOPHASE

Back 83

CHROMATIDS CLUSTER ON EACH SIDE OF THE CELL, THE ROUGH ER PRODUCES A NEW NUCLEAR ENVELOPE AROUND EACH CLUSTER AND CHROMATIDS BEGIN TO UNCOIL AND RETURN TO THE THINLY DISPERSED CHROMATIN FORM, MITOTIC SPINDLE BREAKS UP AND VANISHES, EACH NEW NUCLEUS FORMS NUCLLEOLI INDICATING IT HAS ALREADY BEGUN MAKING RNA AND PREPARING FOR PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Front 84

TRANSLATION

Back 84

CONVERTS THE LANGUAGE OF NUCLEOTIDES INTO THE LANGUAGE OF AMINO ACIDS

Front 85

ANTICODON

Back 85

TRNA MOLECULES THAT TURN BACK AND COILS ON ITS SELF TO FORM AND L SHAPE ANTICODONS ARE THREE NUCLEOTIDES AT THE END OF THIS SHAPE.

Front 86

POLYRIBOSOME

Back 86

A CLUSTER OF 10 OR 20 RIBOSOMES IN MRNA

Front 87

CHAPERONE

Back 87

A NEW PROTEIN IS ASSEMBLED BYA RIBOSOME AND IS PICKED BU BY AN OLDER PROTEIN

Front 88

POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION

Back 88

ENZYMES IN CISTERNA MODIFY THE NEW PROTEINS - REMOVING SOME AMINO ACID SEGMENTS, FOLDING THE PROTEIN AND STABILIZING IT WITH DISULFIDE BRIDGES, OR ADDING CARBOHYDRATES

Front 89

TRANSPORT VESICLES

Back 89

BUBBLE LIKE PEICES OF A PROTEIN PINCHED OFF OF ROUGH ER

Front 90

GOLGI VESICLES

Back 90

FINISHED PROTEIN TAKEN OFF OF GOLGI CISTERNA

Front 91

SECRETORY VESICLES

Back 91

FUSE WITH PLASMA MEMBRANE TO RELEASE THE CELL PRODUCT BY EXOCYTOSIS

Front 92

DNA HELICASE

Back 92

A ZIPPER LIKE ENZYME

Front 93

REPLICATION FORK

Back 93

POINT WHERE THE DNA IS OPENED UP LIKE THE TWO HALVES OF A ZIPPER