Unit 2 - The Brain And Sleeping

Front 1

reflexes

Back 1

a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus, such as the knee-jerk response

Front 2

brainstem

Back 2

oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions

Front 3

medulla

Back 3

base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Front 4

reticular formation

Back 4

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

Front 5

thalumus

Back 5

the brain's sensory switchboard, located on top of the brainstem; it directs messages to the sensory recieving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla

Front 6

cerebellum

Back 6

the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance

Front 7

limbic system

Back 7

a doughnut-shaped system of neutral structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions such as fear and aggression and drives such as those for food and sex. includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus

Front 8

amygdala

Back 8

two almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion

Front 9

hypothalamus

Back 9

a neural structure lying below the thalumus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temp) helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.

Front 10

cerebral cortex

Back 10

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center

Front 11

glial cells

Back 11

cells in the nervous system that are not neurons but that support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Front 12

frontal lobes

Back 12

portion of cerebral cortex lying just behind the forehead; involved in speaking and muscle movements and in making plans and judgments

Front 13

parietal lobes

Back 13

portion of cerebral cortex lying at top of head and toward the rear; includes sensory cortex

Front 14

occipital lobes

Back 14

portion of cerebral cortex lying at back of head; includes visual areas, which recieve visual information from the opposite visual field

Front 15

temporal lobes

Back 15

portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory ares, each of which recieves auditory information primarily from the opposite ear.

Front 16

motor cortex

Back 16

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

Front 17

sensory cortex

Back 17

area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensations

Front 18

association areas

Back 18

ares of cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

Front 19

aphasia

Back 19

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding)

Front 20

Broca's area

Back 20

an area at the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech

Front 21

Wernicke's area

Back 21

a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in left temporal lobe

Front 22

plasticity

Back 22

the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain recognization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development

Front 23

corpus callosum

Back 23

large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

Front 24

split brain

Back 24

a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers (mainly those of corpus callosum) between them

Front 25

left brain

Back 25

-mathematical reasoning
-right side of body
-speaking
-rational
-logic
-reading

Front 26

right brain

Back 26

-left side of body
-drawing
-creativity
-visual/spatial
-emotions
-musical
-facial recognition