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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List the 3 main components of the neuron. What are their functions
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1. dendrite-receives info from other neurons via synapses, transmits signal towards soma
2. soma-supports metabolic and synthetic needs, integrates electrical signals 3. axon- conducts information away from the cell body via action potential |
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Describe how neurons are classified by the direction of information flow
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afferent-sensory neurons that carry info from sensory sites toward the CNS
efferent-motor neurons that carry info away from the CNS interneurons-relay neuron, communicates only to other neurons |
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What is the difference between a nerve and a tract
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Both are collections of nerve fibers, the only difference is location
Nerves carry information to and from the CNS, tracts are located within the CNS |
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What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus
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both are a collection of cell bodies
ganglion-connection outside of the CNS nucleus-collection within the CNS |
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Where does the spinal cord end
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at the conus medularis near L1-L2
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are there
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31
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What is the difference between white matter and grey matter? How is this material distribuitd within the brain
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grey matter=cell bodies, white matter= axons
In the brain, the grey matter is located around the outside and the axons are in the middle, this is backwards from the spinal cord |
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Describe the structures that stabilize the movement of the spinal cord
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denticulate ligaments-stablize laterally
terminal filum (an extension of pia matter) stabilizes laterally |
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How are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves distributed down the spinal cord
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8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
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What types of sensory fibers are contained within the dorsal root ganglion
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The dorsal root transmits sensory information (do not confuse with dorsal rami). The root contains both genearal sensory affarent and general visceral afferent fibers
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What type of nerve fibers are found in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
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The anterior horn transmitts motor impulses. This area contains general sensory efferent fibers
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What type of nerve fibers are found in the lateral horn of the spinal cord
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The lateral horn contains the cell bodies of general viseral efferent neurons.
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T/F white rami communicantes are found at every spinal level
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false white rami communicantes are found in the lateral hornsof T1-L2 only.
Grey are found at all spinal levels |
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What's the differnce between roots and rami
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roots are branches off the spinal cord, the are divided into ventral roots which carry motor information and dorsal roots which carry sensory information.
Roots come together to form a mixed spinal nerve which then exits via the intervertebral foramen. The mixed spinal nerve then branches into mixed rami which carry both types of information to and from the body. |
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What are the function divisions of the nervous system
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somatic and autonomic
somatic-innervates skin and most muslces, receives and responds to environment autonomic (visceral)-innervates organ systems and other visceral elements like sweat glands, erector pilli, blood vessels etc,(further divided into enteric, sympathetic and parasympathetic) |
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What are the three subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system
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1. sympathetic-"flight or fight"
2. Parasympathetic- rest and digest 3. enteric- wall of GI tract |
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Describe how the fibers contained within the musculocutaneous never change as the nerve traces it's path through the upper extremity
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The nerve leaves the brachial plexus as a terminal branch of the lateral cord (C5,6) it carries both motor (GSE) and sensory fibers until it innervates muscles in the arm (biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis). After these muslces have been innervated, GSE fibers are no longer needed so the nerve continues on as teh lateral cutaneous nevere carrying only sensory (GSA) and GVE/GVA fibers. The GVE/GVA fibers are needed to control sweat gland, blood vessesl, etc in the forearm
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all preganglionic sympathetic nerves are located in what section of the spinal cord
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T1-L2 reguardless of innervation
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where are the cell bodies of General visceral efferent fibers
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lateral horn of the spinal cord
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where are the cell bodies of General somatic afferent fibers
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dorsal root ganglion
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where are the cell bodies of general somatic efferent fibers
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ventral horn of spinal cord
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where are the cell bodies of General visceral afferent fibers
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dorsal root ganglion
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what are intercostal nerves
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fancy name for ventral primary rami in the thoracic region
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what happnets to ventral primary rami onces they reach a pont in line with the axilla
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they give off a lateral cutaneous branch whihc penetrates the msucle to innervate the overlying skin
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What are white ramus coummunicans
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-connect the spinal cord and the sympathetic chain between T1 and L2
-conveys sympathetic preganglionic myelinated fibers to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia |
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What are grey ramus communicans
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-connect the sympathetic chain and the spinal nerves at every level
-conveys sympathetic postsynaptic unmyelinated fibers from the paravertebral ganglia to the spinal nerve to reach the skin |
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T/F grey ramus commuicans are found at every spinal level
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true
Constrast this to white which are found between T1 and L2 |
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The postganglionic neuron is unique to which system
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ANS
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The preganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division are___neurons because they use the neutransmitter____
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The preganglionic sympathetic neurons are cholinergic because they use acetylcholine
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The postganglionic fibers in the sympathetic division are ___neurons because they use the neurotransmitter____
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The sympathetic postganglionic neurons are adrenergic because they use norepinephrine
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