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48 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Organs of the Nervous System
The brain, the spinal cord, the numerous nerves of the body, the specialized sense organs such as the eyes and ears, and the microscopic sense organs.
Two principal divisions of the Nervous System
The central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
Central Nervous System
Made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
The nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body.
Autonomic Nerous System
A subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that consists of structures that regulate the body's automatic or involuntary functions (heart rate, contractions of stomach)
Two types of cells found in the nervous system
Neurons and glia.
Neurons
Nerve Cells, conduct impulses.
Glia
Specialized connective tissue cells, they support neurons.
3 parts of neuron
Cell body, dendrites, axon.
Cell Body
Main part of a neuron.
Dendrites
Branchlike projections on a neuron, transmit impulses to the neuron cell bodies.
Axon
One elongated projection on a neuron, transmit impulses away from the neuron cell bodies.
3 types of nerons
Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons.
Sensory Neurons (Afferent)
Transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body.
Motor Neurons (Efferent)
Transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to muscle and glandular epithelial tissue.
Interneurons (Central or Connecting)
Conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons.
Myelin
A white, fatty substance formed by Schwann Cells that wrap around some axons outside the central nervous system.
Schwaan Cells
Large nucleated cells that form myelin.
Nodes of Ranvier
Indentations between adjacent Schwaan cells.
Neurilemma
The outer cell membrane of a Schwaan Cells.
Functions of Glia
Hold the functioning neurons together and protect them.
Glioma
Brain tumor develops from glia.
Astrocytes
Glia that are large and look like stars because of threadlike extensions which attach to blood vessels.
Blood-brain barrier
Separates the blood tissue and nervous tissue to protect the brain, made up of astrocytes.
Microglia
Smaller than astrocytes, usually remain stationary, but in inflamed or degenerating brain tissue, they enlarge moveabout, and act as microbe-eating scavengers.
Oliogodendrocytes
Help to hold nerve fibers together and also produce the fatty myelin sheath that envelops nerve fibers.
Nerve
A group of peripheral nerve fibers bundled together like strands of a cable, also called the white matter of the PNS.
Tracts
Bundles of axons in the CNS,
Gray Matter
Tissue comprising cell bodies and unmyleinated axons and dendrites.
Endoneurium
The thin wrapping of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each axon in a nerve.
Fascicles
Groups of wrapped axons.
Perineurium
Surrounds each fascicle.
Epineurium
A tough fibrous sheath that covers the whole nerve.
Reflex Arc
Allows an impulse to travel in only one direction
Receptors
Peripheral beginning of a sensory neuron's dendrite.
Ganglion
a region of gray
Reflex
Involuntary action
Nerve Impulse
Self propagating wave of electircal disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron's plasma membrane.
Saltatory Conduction
When a nerve impulse encounters myelin and "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next.
Presynaptic neuron
A neuron situated proximal to a synapse.
Postsynaptic Neuron
A neuron situated distal to a synapse.
Synaptic Knob
A tiny bulge at the end of a terminal brance of a presynaptic neuron's axon that contains vesicles with neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitter
Chemicals by which neurons communicate.
Synaptic Cleft
A space between a synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of a postynaptic neuron.
Acetylcholine
Chemical neurotransmitter.
Well-known neurotransmitters
Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin.
Catecholamines
Norepinephrine and epindephrine. Play a role in sleep, motor function, mood, and pleasure recognition.
Morphinelike Neurotransmitters
Endorphines, enkephalines. Natural pain killers.