Unit 1 Exam Review

Front 1

anatomy

Back 1

study of the structure of the body

Front 2

organelle

Back 2

microscopic structures in a cell that carry out its individual functions

Front 3

cells

Back 3

basic unit of life

Front 4

tissue

Back 4

group of like cells that carry out a function

Front 5

organ

Back 5

group of tissues that work together to perform a function

Front 6

organ system

Back 6

a group of organs with a unique collective function

Front 7

organism

Back 7

single, complete individual

Front 8

homeostasis

Back 8

maintaining of a constant internal environment through the function of dynamic physiological regulatory mechanisms

Front 9

physiology

Back 9

study of the function of the body

Front 10

structural organization

Back 10

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Front 11

example of molecule

Back 11

proteins, fats, dna

Front 12

example of organelle

Back 12

mitochondria, lysosomes

Front 13

example of tissue

Back 13

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular

Front 14

example of organ

Back 14

skin, hair, nail, gland, nerve, blood vessel, pancreas

Front 15

example of organ system

Back 15

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, urinary, digestive, reproductive

Front 16

inductive reasoning

Back 16

large number of observations to the point there is confidence in making a generalization

Front 17

95%

Back 17

for observation to be "supported" must have rate of > ___ %

Front 18

deductive reasoning

Back 18

"the" scientific method

Front 19

deductive reasoning

Back 19

steps: observation, hypothesizing, experimentation, conclusions and reporting

Front 20

variable

Back 20

any condition of an experiment

Front 21

experimental group

Back 21

group that contains tested variable

Front 22

control group

Back 22

group that does not contain tested variable

Front 23

matter

Back 23

anything that has mass and takes up space

Front 24

element

Back 24

a substance that cannot be changed into another substance

Front 25

atom

Back 25

the smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element

Front 26

subatomic structure

Back 26

neutron, proton and electron

Front 27

atomic number

Back 27

number of protons

Front 28

atomic mass

Back 28

number of protons and neutrons

Front 29

isotope

Back 29

atoms of an element that have varying numbers of neutrons

Front 30

molecule

Back 30

particle made up of two or more atoms bonded together

Front 31

diatomic molecule

Back 31

two of the same type of atom bonded together such as O2 or N2

Front 32

compound

Back 32

substance made up of two or more elements bonded together

Front 33

ion

Back 33

atom that has given up or gained electrons to achieve stability

Front 34

cation

Back 34

a positively charged ion that has given up electrons

Front 35

anion

Back 35

a negatively charged ion that has gained electrons

Front 36

electrolyte

Back 36

salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity

Front 37

free radical

Back 37

a chemical particle carrying an unusual number of electrons

Front 38

antioxidant

Back 38

a chemical that neutralizes free radicals

Front 39

ionic bond

Back 39

bonds formed by the attraction between ions of opposite charges

Front 40

covalent bond

Back 40

bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms

Front 41

hydrogen bond

Back 41

slight attraction between the negative end of one molecule and the positive end of another

Front 42

pH

Back 42

the measurement of the H+ concentration in a solution

Front 43

acid

Back 43

a compound that releases H+ ions in a solution

Front 44

base

Back 44

a compound that releases OH- in solution

Front 45

salt

Back 45

an ionic compound that does not contain H+ or OH-, obtained from an acid/base reaction

Front 46

buffer

Back 46

chemical system that resists large changes in pH by taking up or giving up H+

Front 47

dehydration synthesis

Back 47

the assembling of organic molecules by extracting water

Front 48

hydrolysis

Back 48

the breaking up of organic molecules using water

Front 49

chemical buffer

Back 49

a substance that removes or releases H+ from a system by binding to them or releasing them

Front 50

physiological buffer

Back 50

a body system that stabilizes pH by controlling the body's output of acids, bases and CO2

Front 51

polarity

Back 51

what makes water an ideal biological molecule

Front 52

polar

Back 52

slight opposite charges on either end

Front 53

adhesion

Back 53

water molecules sticking to other things

Front 54

cohesion

Back 54

water molecules sticking to each other

Front 55

capillary action

Back 55

water in blood crawls up the blood vessel

Front 56

high specific heat

Back 56

amount of energy required to increase temperature

Front 57

evaporative cooling

Back 57

sweat/steam carrying away enormous amounts of heat

Front 58

solvency

Back 58

spheres of hydration preventing ions from reioninzing in solution

Front 59

chemical reactivity

Back 59

because of high degree of solvency water is very reactive

Front 60

monosaccharide

Back 60

subunit of carbohydrate

Front 61

starch, cellulose

Back 61

example of carbohydrate in plants

Front 62

glycogen, chitin

Back 62

example of carbohydrate in animals

Front 63

fatty acids and alcohols

Back 63

subunit of lipids

Front 64

triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, waxes

Back 64

example of lipids

Front 65

amino acid

Back 65

subunit of protein

Front 66

collagen, hormones, enzymes, antibodies

Back 66

four examples of proteins

Front 67

carbohydrate

Back 67

provides quick energy

Front 68

protein

Back 68

last resort for energy

Front 69

nucleotide

Back 69

subunit of nucleic acid

Front 70

DNA, RNA

Back 70

two examples of nucleic acid

Front 71

ATP

Back 71

the fuel of living cells

Front 72

enzymes

Back 72

proteins that function as biological catalyst by lowering the energy of activation and speeding up chemical processes