Unit 3 Cell Organelle

Front 1

fluid containing numerous solutes

Back 1

cytoplasm

Front 2

acts as a gatekeeper allowing substances to go in our out while keeping others from moving in or out

Back 2

plasma membrane, nuclear membrane

Front 3

compartment that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm

Back 3

nucleus

Front 4

DNA wrapped around storage proteins

Back 4

chromosomes

Front 5

area where ribosomes are produced

Back 5

nucleolus

Front 6

protein synthesis and modification

Back 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Front 7

detoxification and lipid metabolism

Back 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 8

packages substances for transport out of the cell

Back 8

golgi complex

Front 9

storage and transport

Back 9

vacuole

Front 10

digestion and breakdown of nutrients, wastes and pathogens

Back 10

lysosome

Front 11

protein synthesis

Back 11

ribosome

Front 12

produces the vast amount of ATP

Back 12

mitochondrian

Front 13

function in cell division to produce spindle fibers

Back 13

centriole

Front 14

structures that make up the cytoskeleton

Back 14

microtubule

Front 15

proteins that are use to make microtubules

Back 15

microfilament

Front 16

provides form for the and points of attachment for the organelles

Back 16

cytoskeleton

Front 17

short extensions of the cytoskeleton used for movement

Back 17

cilium

Front 18

long extensions of the cytoskeleton used for movement

Back 18

flagellum

Front 19

a ______ that binds to chemical messengers such as hormones sent by other cells

Back 19

receptor

Front 20

breaks down a chemical messenger and terminates its effect on the target cell

Back 20

enzyme

Front 21

constantly open and allows solutes to pass into and out of the cell

Back 21

channel protein

Front 22

opens and closes to allow solutes through into the cell only at certain times

Back 22

gated channel

Front 23

a glycoprotein acting as a ___________ distinguishing the body's own cells from foreign cells

Back 23

cell-identity marker

Front 24

binds one cell to another

Back 24

cell-adhesion molecule

Front 25

small gaps allowing smaller substances out, filtering out small particles; large molecules are held inside

Back 25

filtration

Front 26

for particles too large to go through the plasma membrane

Back 26

bulk transport

Front 27

"into the cell"

Back 27

endocytosis

Front 28

two forms of endocytosis

Back 28

phagocytosis, pinocytosis

Front 29

"to eat"

Back 29

phagocytosis

Front 30

"cell drinking" taking in large amounts of water

Back 30

pinocytosis

Front 31

"exiting the cell"

Back 31

exocytosis

Front 32

______ created by the movement of water toward a ______ solute concentration

Back 32

osmotic pressure, higher

Front 33

allows water through, but not solute

Back 33

semipermeable membrane

Front 34

most of our cells are _______ because we don't have cell walls

Back 34

isotonic

Front 35

concentration equal inside and outside the cell

Back 35

isotonic

Front 36

"same"

Back 36

isotonic

Front 37

pressure inside the cell

Back 37

turgor

Front 38

in osmosis, the higher the solute concentration, the higher the ________________

Back 38

osmotic pressure

Front 39

does not require any energy from the cell

Back 39

passive transport

Front 40

substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Back 40

passive transport

Front 41

substances can move in both directions, depending on the concentration gradient

Back 41

passive transport

Front 42

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Back 42

diffusion

Front 43

the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the help of membrane proteins

Back 43

facilitated diffusion

Front 44

the diffusion of water

Back 44

osmosis

Front 45

requires energy from the cell

Back 45

active transport

Front 46

substances move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

Back 46

active transport

Front 47

substances can move in only one direction: against the concentration gradient

Back 47

active transport

Front 48

a membrane protein that moves 3 sodium(Na) out, while moving 2 potassium(K) in

Back 48

Sodium/Potassium Pump

Front 49

the excess collection of extracellular fluids due to high solute concentration

Back 49

edema

Front 50

the loss of extracellular fluids due to various causes

Back 50

dehydration

Front 51

electrolytes make up _____% of all of our solutes

Back 51

90

Front 52

fluids of the body found outside the cells

Back 52

extracellular fluid

Front 53

fluids of the body found inside the cells (cytoplasm)

Back 53

intracellular fluid

Front 54

the highest solute in extracellular space

Back 54

sodium

Front 55

the highest solute in intracellular space

Back 55

potassium

Front 56

the movement of water from one compartment to the other is determined by _______

Back 56

solute concentration

Front 57

the average solute concentration of body cells is

Back 57

300 mosm

Front 58

solute concentration of normal saline (NS) or physiological saline (PSS)

Back 58

0.9%

Front 59

solute concentration of D5W

Back 59

5%

Front 60

three structures that play the major role in fluid and electrolyte balance are

Back 60

brain, kidney, adrenal gland