Unit 1 Bio 11

Front 1

Membrane

Back 1

Boundary of cell

Made from proteins and bilayers of fat molecules

Regulates movement

Front 2

Nucleus

Back 2

Control center

Contains thread like chromosomes

Pores in nuclear envelope allow passage

Front 3

Nucleolus

Back 3

Inside the nucleus

Cell may contain one or more nucleoli

Produce ribosomes

Front 4

Mitochondria

Back 4

Contains 2 membranes-cristae

Site of cellular respiration

Contains own DNA

Front 5

Golgi apparatus (body)

Back 5

Stores, modifies, and packages proteins from RER

Looks like pancakes

Pinches off to form protein filled vesicles

Front 6

Ribosomes

Back 6

Site of protein synthesis

Amino acids join to make proteins

Made of rRNA+proteins, smallest organelles

Either attach to endoplasmic recticulum or float freely in cytoplasm

Front 7

RER

Back 7

Organelle with double membrane + ribosomes

Transports proteins from ribosomes to golgi

Front 8

SER

Back 8

Double membrane no ribosomes

Produces lipids

Front 9

Lysosome

Back 9

Bound by single membrane, formed by golgi

Contains enzymes

Only found in animal cells

Front 10

Vacuole

Back 10

Fluid filled sacs that act as storage

Gives plants cells support

Plants cell have large vacuole

Animal cells have many small vacuole

Front 11

Cytoskeleton

Back 11

Microfilament provide shape+movement

Microtubules transport materials through cytoplasm

Front 12

Centrioles

Back 12

9 bundles of 2 microtubes

Cell division

Only in animal cells

Front 13

Plastids

Back 13

Chemical factories or storehouse for food or pigment

Front 14

Cell wall

Back 14

Protects + supports the cell

Primary cell wall made of cellulose

Plants cells have secondary wall with lamella

Front 15

Cytoplasm

Back 15

Jelly like substance that fills the interior of cell

Metabolic reaction occur within

Front 16

Cilia and flagella

Back 16

A flagellum is a whip like tail

Aid in movement

Cilia (cilium) are shorter hair like structures that aids in movement

Front 17

Prokaryotic cells

Back 17

Bacteria and cynobacteria

Have no true nucleus

Front 18

Eukaryotice cells

Back 18

Plants and animals cells

True nucleus

Front 19

Biodiversity

Back 19

Variety of life on earth

Front 20

Genetic diversity

Back 20

Allows populations to adapt to changes

Front 21

Species diversity

Back 21

Allows ecosystems to survive environmental changes

Front 22

Ecosystem diversity

Back 22

Allows different species to thrive

Front 23

Threats to biodiversity

Back 23

Climate change

Disease

Habitat fragmentation

Pollution

Exploitation (hunting)

Species introduction

Front 24

Keystone species

Back 24

Species that have large impact on ecosystem

Front 25

Cellular basis of life

Back 25

Multi cellular

Nerve cell

Muscle cell

Blood cell

Front 26

Cell theory

Back 26

All living organism are composed of cells. Unicellular or multicellular

Cells basic unit of life

Cells come from pre existing cells

Front 27

Modern cell theory

Back 27

Energy flow occurs within cells

DNA is passed from cell to cell

All cells have same basic chemical composition

Front 28

Taxonomy

Back 28

Naming, identifying, classifying species

Front 29

8 main taxa

Back 29

Domain: cells with membrane bound nucleus and organelles

Kingdom

Phylum: backbone+spine

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Front 30

6 kingdoms

Back 30

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

Monera (split) new bacteria + arcea bacteria

Front 31

3 major domains

Back 31

Eukaryota: multi cellular

Animals, plants, fungi

Bacteria: Diseases

Cyanbacteria

Heterotrophic bacteria

Archaea: survives in extreme conditions

Methanogens:methane producing

Halophikes: salty water

Thermopiles: extreme temp

Tardigrades: can survive in space

Front 32

Binomial Nomenclature

Back 32

Genus + species

Genus is always caps

Front 33

Creators of taxonomy

Back 33

Aristotle

Carl von Linne added

Front 34

Dichotomous keys

Back 34

Device used to identify an unknown organism

Consists of 2 part statement that describes organisms

Front 35

What defines a living thing?

Back 35

Movement+ growth

Sensing + responding

Energy use

Excretion

Gas exchange

Maintain homeostasis

Made of cells

Front 36

Homeostasis

Back 36

Steady

To maintain fairly stable conditions for survival

Front 37

Properties if viruses

Back 37

Not living

No cellular structures

Don't retire or exchange games

Don't carry out metabolic activity

Do consist of protein coat=capsid

Are mobile

Contain DNA

Reproduce

Front 38

2 types of viral reproduction

Back 38

Start of each

Phage attaches to host and injects DNA

DNA cirularizes

Lytic cycle

New phage DNA+ proteins synthesize and assemble into virons

Cell lyse breaks releasing phage virons

Lysogenic cycle

Phage DNA integrates withing the bacterial chromosome by recombination becoming a prophage Reproduces

becoming a prophage

Reproduces

Front 39

Bacteria

Back 39

Are prokaryotes living thing without a nucleus with a single strand of DNA

Single celled

Reproduces asexually + sexually

Live in moist enviroments

Front 40

Kingdom eubacteria

Back 40

"True bacteria"

Need oxygen

Classified by

Shape

Cocci (sphere) tooth decay

Bacilii (Rod) food poisoning

Spirilli (spiral) syphilis

Reproduces asexually

Donor gives DNA to recipient

Helpful

Probiotic- yeast, yogurt, beer/wine

Harmful

Responsible for food spoilage and disease

Front 41

Bioremediation

Back 41

Use of bacteria to remove or neutralize polluted soil or water

Front 42

Protista

Back 42

Extremely diverse

Eukaryotes

Aerobic

Protozoans

Some resemble animals

Heterotrophic- Ingestion of other organisms or dead things

No cell walls

Algae

Some resemble plants

Presence of chlorophyll

Mainly unicellular

Source of biological energy

Slime moulds

Some resemble fungi

Complex life cycle

Absorb nutrients from environment

Parasitic

Front 43

Fungi

Back 43

Multicellular eukaryotes

Heterotrophs

Reproduce both sexually+asexually

Zygomycota "case like" bread mold

Ascomycota "sac like" yeast

Bagidiomycota "club like" mushrooms

Front 44

Animalia

Back 44

Most diverse in appearance

Carry out the following

Feeding

Respiration

Circulation

Excretion

Response

Movement

Reproduction

95% are invertebrates

Are multicellular, heterotropic, eukaryotes

Stores carbohydrates resources as oxygen

Front 45

Classifying animals

Back 45

Backbone?

Levels of organization

Number of body layers

Symmetry

Body cavity

Movement

Reproduction

Front 46

Cephalization

Back 46

Concentration of sense organs and nerves cells at front end of body

Front 47

Invertebrates

Back 47

Platyhelminthes- Flatworms

Nematodes- roundworms

Annelids- earthworms

Mollusks- snails,slugs,oysters

Echinoderms- starfish, sea urchins

Arthripods-spiders,crustaceans, insects