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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethics
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Moral values, principles of conduct, rules in healthcare.
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Autonomy
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Free will, choice, self directed.
Basis for informed consent Respect for patient's wishes |
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Nonmaleficence
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Avoid harm to the patient
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Beneficence
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Action for the benefit of the patient or general population.
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Justice
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Fairness
Equal treatment for all |
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Informed Consent
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Process of communication between patient and physician that results in patient's authorization to undergo a specific medical intervention,
-Patient must be competent -Layman's terms *Patient can refuse at ANY time |
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If patient does not speak English
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Hospital translator
Family member can translate after signing HIPAA form |
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If patient is under 18 yrs of age
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Guardian consent
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If patient is incapacitated
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Guardian or surrogate decision maker
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Patient - Sonographer Interaction
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Introduction
Wrist band ID Verbal confirmation Maintain patient dignity |
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Interpretation of Exam
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Sonographers must recognize and execute a diagnostic exam.
Scope of practice does not allow interpreting results and sharing with patient. |
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Ergonomics
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Studies the interaction between people and their work environment.
Optimize environment to prevent injury 3 out of 4 experience pain; 20% end careers OSHA and SDMS work to prevent injury |
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Prevent Injury
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Keep patient close
Minimum twisting, reaching, bending Use palmar grip Don't "break" wrist Adjust patient schedule |
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OSHA
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Ensure safe work practices and the use of protective equipment |
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Ultrasound System
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Entire system:
Electronics Transducers |
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Doppler
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Information displayed in graphic form
Graphs velocity of blood flow |
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Relationships
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Unrelated
Directly Related Inversely Related |
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Unrelated
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No association; no relationship
EX: IQ & hair color |
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Directly Related
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One term is affected by the other
-One increases, the other increases proportionately EX: calorie intake and weight |
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Inversely Related
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May be reciprocals
One increases, the other decreases EX: The more you spend, the less you save. |
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Metric System
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Used frequently in ultrasound
Giga Mega kilo hecto deca deci centi milli micro nano |
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Average Propagation speed in soft tissue
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1.54 mm/us
1,540 m/s 1.54 km/s |
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Media
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A substance regarded as the means of transmission of a force or effect
Biological tissue for sound to travel through. Reflections are processed into images. |
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Sound Waves
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Carry energy from one location to another.
Mechanical wave or vibration Particles in the medium move or vibrate Cannot travel through a vacuum (no particles) MUST travel through a medium Acoustic waves |
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Sound
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Travels in a straight line
Comprised of: Compressions = zones of high pressure Rarefactions = zones of low pressure Identified as the rhythmical cycling or oscillations of acoustic variables. |
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Acoustic Variables
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Measureable quantities whose values change as a sound wave propagates or moves through a medium.
In one of the 3 acoustic variables has a rhythmic fluctuation, the wave is a sound wave. |
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Pressure
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Concentration of force within an area
Force/Area Units: Pascals or Pa, lbs/in^2, Atmospheres or Atm, mmHg |
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Density
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Concentration of mass within a volume
Units: kg/cm^3 |
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Distance
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Measure of particle motion
How far the particles move in response to sound Units: cm, mm |
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Propagation Properties
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The effects the medium has on the sound wave
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Biological Effects (bioeffects)
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The effects of sound waves on biological tissue
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Parameters that describe sound
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Period
Frequency Propagation Speed Amplitude Power Intensity Wavelength |
