Physics - Chapters 1-4

Front 1

Def of
Matter:

Back 1

anything that occupies space and has mass

Front 2

Def of Energy

Back 2

the ability to do work

Front 3

Def of Kinetic Energy

Back 3

energy in motion

Front 4

def of potential energy

Back 4

the ability to do work by virtue of postion or it's temporary deformed state

Front 5

what is ionizing radiation?

Back 5

type of energy/ radiation that can remove an electron from an atom

Front 6

what are base quantities (fundamental quantities)

Back 6

simple measurements (ex - length)

Front 7

what are derived quantities/ secondary quantities

Back 7

used in measurements that involve combining 2 or more base quantities

Front 8

Examples of derived quantites:

Back 8

velocity, work, excelleration and force

Front 9

what are special quantaties

Back 9

measurements used for special areas (ex - exposure dose)

Front 10

what are mechanics

Back 10

a segment of physics that deals w/ objects at rest (statistics) and objects in motion (dynamics)

Front 11

def of velocity

Back 11

a speed at which an object is moving

Front 12

formula of velocity

Back 12

V=d/t (velocity = distance/ time)

Front 13

measurement of velocity

Back 13

m/s (meters/ second)

Front 14

def of acceleration

Back 14

rate of change of velocity w/ time

Front 15

formula of acceleration

Back 15

a=vf-iv/ time
(acceleration = final velocity - initial velocity/ time)

Front 16

Unit of measurement acceleration

Back 16

m/s2 (meters/ second SQUARED)

Front 17

def of force

Back 17

defined by newtons 3 laws

Front 18

what are newtons 3 laws?

Back 18

1. Law of Inertia (newtons first law of motion)
2. Newtons 2nd Law
3. Newtons 3rd Law

Front 19

What is the Law of Inertia (newtons first law of motion)

Back 19

2 parts:
1. predicts the behavior of stationary objects
- an object at rest tends to stay at rest
2. predicts the behavior of moving objects - an object in motion tends to stay in motion

Front 20

Definition of inertia

Back 20

the object resists changes in it's state of motion

Front 21

Def of Newtons 2nd law

Back 21

the force of an object depends on 2 variables (acceleration and mass)

Front 22

Formula for Newtons 2nd Law

Back 22

f=ma (force = body of mass x acceleration)

Front 23

SI unit of force

Back 23

Newton

Front 24

What is Newtons 3rd Law

Back 24

to every action (force) there is an equal and opposite reaction

Front 25

definition of Weight

Back 25

is the force of gravity acting upon mass

Front 26

definition of momentum

Back 26

mass in motion

Front 27

formula of momentum

Back 27

p=mv
(momentum= mass of object x velocity)

Front 28

definition of momentum conservation

Back 28

the total momentum before the interaction is the same momentum after interaction (ex. Skip standing still - momentum=0; zoe running @ 100... Skip falls at 70 momentum - what is zoe's momentum --- ans: 30)

Front 29

formula of work

Back 29

W=Fd (work = Force x distance)

Front 30

SI unit of work?

Back 30

Joule

Front 31

definition of Power

Back 31

just a way to tell how long (time) the work is going to take.

Front 32

unit(s) measurement of Power?

Back 32

Watt - SI
Horsepower - british

Front 33

formula for Power?

Back 33

P=Work/t also
P=Fd/t

Front 34

Definition of Energy

Back 34

the ability to do work

Front 35

Definition of Heat

Back 35

kinetic energy

Front 36

SI unit measurement of Heat

Back 36

calorie

Front 37

Definition of calorie

Back 37

heat necesary to raise the temperature to 1 degree celcius (c)

Front 38

Adding Fractions
example:
1/2 + 2/8 = ????

Back 38

Ex:
(8+4)/ 16 = 12/16 = 3/4

Front 39

Subtracting fractions
example
1/2 - 2/8 = ????

Back 39

(8-4)/16 = 4/16 = 1/4

Front 40

multiplying fractions
example
2/5 x 7/4 = ???

Back 40

14/20 = 7/10

Front 41

dividing fractions
example:
1/2 (divided) 1/3 = ????

Back 41

(note - invert 2nd fraction and multiply)
1/2 x 3/1 = 3/2 = 1.5

Front 42

The fundamental parts of an atom are....

Back 42

Proton, neutron, and electron

Front 43

What are the building blocks of matter?

Back 43

Atoms and Molecules

Front 44

The smallest particle of matter is?

Back 44

Atoms

Front 45

A group of atoms form what?

Back 45

molecule

Front 46

This model contains a nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electrons that revolve in fixed orbits....

Back 46

The Bohr model

Front 47

these exists in shell, have a negative charge of 1, are very small and have a mass of 9.1 X 10 -3 power?

Back 47

Electron
( I can't make that -3 small, you get what I'm saying )

Front 48

These are contained within the nucleus, have a positive charge, and have a mass of 1.673 X 10-27 power?

Back 48

Proton

Front 49

These are contained withing the nucleus, neutral charge, a heavier weight 1.675 X 10 -27 power?

Back 49

Neutron

Front 50

Atoms consist of mostly what?

Back 50

empty space

Front 51

What is the largest occuring atom?

Back 51

uranium

Front 52

The K shell holds a maximum of how many electrons?

Back 52

2

Front 53

There are primarily 7 electron shells, what are they?

Back 53

K,L,M,N,O,P,Q

Front 54

The formula for figuring out the number of maximum electons held within a shell is?

Back 54

2N squared

Front 55

On the periodic table the group numbers represent...

Back 55

the # of electrons in the last shell

Front 56

On the periodic table the period (vertical #'s) represents...

Back 56

The number of shells

Front 57

Allows us to manipulate very large or small numbers, also called the power of ten notation or scientific notation...

Back 57

exponential

Front 58

9.0 X 10 4th power =

Back 58

90000

Front 59

6.32 X 10 (-2nd) power =

Back 59

.0632

Front 60

Why are some electrons easier or harder to pull away?

Back 60

1. depends on which shell the electron is in
2. Is the electron in a simple or complex atom

Front 61

The larger or more complex an atom is the _____ each electron is bound in any given shell.

Back 61

Tightly

Front 62

_____ contain the same # of protons, but varying # of neutrons.

Back 62

Isotopes

Front 63

What is the most common isotope for barium?

Back 63

Barium 138

Front 64

The strength of the attachment of the electron to the nucleus is....

Back 64

Electron Binding Energy (Eb)

Front 65

T/F : the closer you are to the nucleus the less the electrons are bound.

Back 65

False: Shells closer to the nucleus have a stronger attachment.

Front 66

Force that keeps an electron in orbit is?

Back 66

Centripetal force

Front 67

True/False?
The "roundness" or motion of electrons are essentially caused by the electron's motion (velocity) and the positive pull of the nucleus.

Back 67

True
( I hope that makes sense??)

Front 68

The removal or addition of an orbital electron from an atom is known as ?

Back 68

Ionization

Front 69

A negative ion has more electrons than protons. T/F

Back 69

True

Front 70

A positive ion has more electrons than protons. T/F

Back 70

False. it has more protons

Front 71

For transitional elements, how many electrons can be in the outer shell?

Back 71

2

Front 72

______electrons are removeable electrons.

Back 72

Valence

Front 73

Isotopes that have varying numbrs of protons and neutrons but have the same total number of nucleons.

Back 73

Isobar (ex: 10 protons+10 neutrons=20 nucleons, 9 protons+11 neutrons=20 nucleons)

Front 74

They have the same number of neutrons but different number of protons.

Back 74

Isotones (changes the element)

Front 75

Atoms that have the same number of protons and neutrons but different energy states due to nucleon arrangement.

Back 75

Isomers

Front 76

What is the periodic symbol of tungston?

Back 76

W

Front 77

A type of bond that shares electrons.

Back 77

Covalent bonds (ex: H2O)

Front 78

Type of bonding where a positive and a negative ion attracts and balances eachother.

Back 78

Ionic bonding (ex: NaCl)

Front 79

Formula for finding the number of neutrons in an atom.

Back 79

A-Z (ex: Ba 138(A) 56(Z)= 138-56=82 neutrons)