Ultrasound Mod 4 Abd Final Review

Front 1

TARGET SIGN

Back 1

thicken gut can appear giving this sign,hypoechoic wall surrounds the echogenic mucosa, intraluminal mucus, air, andother bowel contents

Front 2

McBurney Point

Back 2

defined as a point that lies one-third ofdistance laterally on a line drawn from the umbilicus to the right anteriorsuperior iliac spine. Classically, it corresponds to the location of the baseof the appendix

Front 3

McBurney sign

Back 3

deep tenderness at McBurney's point in RUQ associated with appendicitis

Front 4

Peristalsis

Back 4

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward

Front 5

Pyloric Orifice

Back 5

the opening between the stomach and the superior part of the duodenum.

Front 6

Crohn Disease

Back 6

a chronic inflammatory disease of theintestines, especially the colon and ileum, associated with ulcers andfistulae.

Front 7

Diverticulum

Back 7

apouch like herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occursin the stomach, the small intestine, or most commonly, the colon

Front 8

Fecallith

Back 8

Afecaloma, also called fecalith, fecolith and coprolith, i.e., a"stone" made of feces, is a hardening of feces into lumps of varyingsize inside the colon, which may appear whenever chronic obstruction of transitoccurs, such as in megacolon and chronic constipation.

Front 9

Strictures

Back 9

an abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage (as from inflammation, cancer, or the formation of scar tissue)

Front 10

Ileus

Back 10

a painful obstruction of the ileum or other partof the intestine.

Front 11

Intussusception

Back 11

where one loop of bowel becomes folded onitself. Inversion of one portion of theintestine within another. Will appear asmultiple concentric rings when seen cross-section.

Front 12

Orifice

Back 12

an opening through which something may pass

Front 13

Pseudokidney sign

Back 13

A term referring to the ultrasonographic appearance of acircumferentially thickened bowel wall which resembles the renal cortex.

Front 14

Asymmetric Target

Back 14

Pathologicalconditions cause bowel to thicken asymmetrical when lumen is displaced to oneside on true cross section

Front 15

Exophytic Mass

Back 15

tending to grow outward beyond the surface epithelium from which it originates—used of tumors

Front 16

Gastroesophageal junction

(location, sono app, def)

Back 16

The junction between the stomach and the esophagus; the place where the esophagus connects to the stomach

Front 17

Creeping fat

Back 17

A delicate circumferential extension of the mesenteric fat around thesmall and large intestinal serosa, which classically occurs in Crohn’sdisease, but is also described in renal transplant patients

Front 18

Verumontanum

Back 18

seminal colliculus a prominent portion of the male urethral crest,on which are the opening of the prostatic utricle and, on either sideof it, the orifices of the ejaculatory ducts; also called verumontanum.

Front 19

Surgical Capsule

(list the glandular areas and their percent of gland)

Back 19

makesup 70% of glandular tissue. Surroundsurethra along the distal portion to the verumontanum draining into the distalurethral segment. Separated fromtransition and central zones by a hyperechoic echo termed the surgical capsule.

transition (inner gland)- makes up 5% of glandulartissue and consists of 2 small lobules on either side of the proximal urethralsegment.

Central (inner gland)- makes up 25% of glandulartissue; surrounds ejaculatory ducts throughout course in prostate

Front 20

Vas Deferens

Back 20

the duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra

Front 21

Ejaculatory Duct Cysts

Back 21

are rare type of prostatic cyst.

Front 22

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Back 22

Occurs predominately in transition zone Common in males over 50yo and a common cause forhydronephrosis. Large nodules canoccasionally be seen in Periurethral region

Front 23

Prostate Cancer

Back 23

Prostate cancer is the 2nd mostcommon cause of cancer death in men. Most commonly arises in peripheral zones (70%)and spreads to surrounding tissues; Extension into inner gland limited by surgicalcapsule Transitional zone gives rise to 20% of prostatecancer. 5-10% of cancer arising from central zone. Most common neoplasm is adenocarcinoma

Front 24

Prostatitis

Back 24

Difficult initiation of voiding, urinaryretention, nocturia, small urine stream, inflammation of the prostate commonlyinvolves peripheral zone

Front 25

What is the most common prostate cancer?

Back 25

adenocarcinoma

Front 26

On a transrectal prostate sagittal scan, what zone is seen laterally?

Aanatomical location of the prostate (posterior to? Inferior to?)

Back 26

posterior to the pubicsymphysis, inferior to urinary bladderProstate Location in relation to Seminal vesical: inferior and anterior

Front 27

Where is the prostate located in relation to the seminal vesicles?

Back 27

Inferior and anterior to seminal vesicles

Front 28

What is the most common anatomical classification of the prostate Gland called?

Back 28

Peripheral zone

Front 29

What is the name of the most common cause of ordering u/s on prostate gland?

Back 29

palpable mass,scrotal pain, swollen scrotum?

Front 30

List the glandular regions and the percent for each gland?

Back 30

Peripheral- makes up 70% of glandular tissue. Surrounds urethra along the distal portion tothe verumontanum draining into the distal urethral segment. Separated from transition and central zonesby a hyperechoic echo termed the surgical capsule

Transition (inner gland)- makes up 5% of glandulartissue and consists of 2 small lobules on either side of the proximal urethralsegment.

Central (inner gland)- makes up 25% of glandulartissue; surrounds ejaculatory ducts throughout course in prostate Periurethral glands-1%

Front 31

What 2 vessels supply the prostate gland?

Back 31

urethral vein and capsulary vein

Front 32

Addison Disease

Back 32

adrenal glands produce too little cortisol and often insufficient levels of aldosterone as well.

Front 33

Conn Syndrome

Back 33

Conn's syndrome is a disease of the adrenal glands involving excess production of a hormone, called aldosterone. Another name for the condition is primary hyperaldosteronism.

causes hypertension

Front 34

Cushing Syndrome

Back 34

which occurs when the pituitary gland makes too much of the hormone ACTH. ACTH then signals the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol. A pituitary gland tumor can cause this condition

Front 35

Graves Disease

Back 35

a swelling of the neck and protrusion of the eyes resulting from an overactive thyroid gland.

Front 36

Hyperaldosteronism

Back 36

is a disorder in which the adrenal gland releases too much of the hormone aldosterone into the blood.Hyperaldosteronism can be primary or secondary

Front 37

Adrenal Hyperplasia

Back 37

is a group of genetic conditions. These conditions affect the adrenal glands. These glands control how the body grows and develops.

Front 38

Pheochromocytoma

Back 38

a small vascular tumor of the adrenal medulla, causing irregular secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to attacks of raised blood pressure, palpitations, and headache.

Front 39

Adrenal adenoma

Back 39

are the commonest adrenal mass lesion, and are often found incidentally during abdominal imaging for other reasons. In all cases, but especially in the setting of known current or previous malignancy, adrenal adenomas need to be distinguished from adrenalmetastases or other adrenal malignancies.

Front 40

Neuroblastoma

Back 40

an embryonic cell from which nerve fibers originate.

Front 41

Galactocele

Back 41

is a retention cyst containing milk or a milky substance that is usually located in the mammary glands. It is caused by a protein plug that blocks off the outlet

Front 42

Paget's Disease

Back 42

a chronic disease of elderly people characterized by deterioration of bone tissue, especially in the spine, skull, or pelvis, sometimes causing severe pain; osteitis deformans.

2. an inflammation of the nipple associated with breast cancer.

Front 43

Amazia

Back 43

A condition wherein the breast tissue/aerola is absent, but the nipple is present. Amazia is typically a result of radiation or surgery.

Front 44

Hamartoma

Back 44

is a benign, focal malformation that resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of its origin. This is not a malignant tumor, and it grows at the same rate as the surrounding tissues. It is composed of tissue elements normally found at that site, but which are growing in a disorganized mass

Front 45

Gynecomastia

Back 45

enlargement of a man's breasts, usually due to hormone imbalance or hormone therapy.

Front 46

Athelia

Back 46

is the congenital absence of one or both nipples. It is a rare condition. It sometimes occurs on one side in children with the Poland sequence and on both sides in certain types of ectodermal dysplasia

Front 47

Polymastia

Back 47

A condition in which more than two breasts are present.

Front 48

Polythelia

Back 48

refers to the presence of an additional nipple alone while polymastia denotes the much rarer presence of additional mammary glands

Front 49

Sinus of the lactiferous duct

Back 49

A circumscribed spindle-shaped dilation of the lactiferous duct just before it enters the nipple of the breast.

Front 50

Fibroadenoma

Back 50

a tumor formed of mixed fibrous and glandular tissue, typically occurring as a benign growth in the breast.

Front 51

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Back 51

also known as infiltrating ductal carcinoma, is cancer that began growing in the duct and has invaded the fatty tissue of the breast outside of the duct. IDC is the most common form of breast cancer, representing 80 percent of all breastcancer diagnoses.

Front 52

Mastitis

Back 52

inflammation of the mammary gland in the breast or udder, typically due to bacterial infection via a damaged nipple or teat.

Front 53

Cystosarcoma Phyllodes

Back 53

Cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare, predominantly benign tumor that occurs almost exclusively in the female breast.

Front 54

Medullary Carcinoma

Back 54

a malignant new growth made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate surrounding tissues and to give rise to metastases. A form of

cancer, carcinoma makes up the majority of

the cases of malignancy of the breast, uterus, intestinal tract, skin, and tongue.

Front 55

Hypothyroidism

Back 55

Condition of low levels of thyroxine producingenlargement of thyroid gland; severe form is called myxedema.

Front 56

- Endemicgoiter is enlarged thyroid due to lack of iodine in diet; uncommon in USA.Appears in countries where soil and water lack iodine

Back 56

Endemicgoiter is enlarged thyroid due to lack of iodine in diet; uncommon in USA.Appears in countries where soil and water lack iodin.

is enlarged thyroid due to lack of iodine in diet; uncommon in USA.Appears in countries where soil and water lack iodine