Ultrasound Breast Exam Review

Front 1

The development of the mammary glands begins in the _______ week of embronic life. ( ___ menstrual week)

Back 1

-4th

-6th menstrual week

Front 2

Unilateral early ripening (premature thelarche) is?

Back 2

-b/w the ages of 6-8, glandular tissue of one breast may start to develope before the other

- presents as a tender discoid lump beneath the areola

- sono: hypoechoic subareolar nodular region

Front 3

Bilateral earl breast development is associated with?

Back 3

-precocious puberty: causes include estrogen-secreting ovarian or adrenal tumor, or changes within the hypothalamus or pituitary glands

Front 4

Congenital nipple flattening or inversion can be?

Back 4

-congenital, especially if bilateral

-new findings are suspicious for pathology

Front 5

Polythelia is?

Back 5

presence of accessroy (supernumerary) nipples

Front 6

The most common developmental anomaly is?

Back 6

polythelia

Front 7

An acessory nipple is most often located just ______ to the breast, but can develope anywhere alonf the milk lines.

Back 7

inferior

Front 8

Polymastia is?

Back 8

presence of accessroy (supernumerary) breast, accessory mammary tissue (without nipple/areola) is more common and often forms in axillary region

Front 9

Athelia is?

Back 9

absence of a nipple

Front 10

Amastia is?

Back 10

absence of development of a breast and nipple

Front 11

Amazia is?

Back 11

-absence of development of breast tissue

-can occur secondary to excessive radiation exposure or from surgical excision

Front 12

The mammary glands are located _______ to the muscles overlying the 2nd-6th ribs and extend from the sternal edge to mid axillary line.

Back 12

anterior

Front 13

The skin of the breast is thickest at?

Back 13

the base of the breast

Front 14

Small _____ ducts exit the surface of the nipple and drain the ___ ducts.

Back 14

-excretroy

-lactiferous

Front 15

The areola contains numerous sebaceous glands known as?

Back 15

Montgomery's glands

Front 16

Montgomery's glands release a fatty substance that ____ the nipple during lactation.

Back 16

protects

Front 17

Female breast composed of varying misture of?

Back 17

fat, gladular and fibrous connective tissue along with blood vessels, lymphatic and nerves

Front 18

Extension of glandular tissue into the axilla is called?

Back 18

axillary tail of Spence

Front 19

IMPORTANT!

The greatest amount of glandular tissue resides within the?

Back 19

upper outer quadrant of the breast (UOQ)

Front 20

Small branching ducts unite to form?

Back 20

main lacteriferous duct

Front 21

Lactiferous sinus serves as a ___ for milk or secretions that accumulate beneath the areola.

Back 21

reservior

Front 22

The functional unit of the breast is the?

Back 22

terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)

Front 23

TDLU is composed of?

Back 23

extralobular terminal duct and a lobule

Front 24

The acini are?

Back 24

tiny, saccular, milk producing glands of the breast

Front 25

IMPORTANT!!

What is the site of origin of most breast pathologies?

Back 25

terminal duct lobular unit

Front 26

The _____ tissue are the supportive elements of the breast and consist of fat (adipose) and fibrous connective tissues.

Back 26

stromal

Front 27

IMPORTANT!!

Cooper's ligaments provide?

Back 27

support

Front 28

Cooper's ligaments extend from ____ to ______.

Back 28

-deep layer of superfical fascia

-skin and separate fat lobules and lobes

Front 29

IMPORTANT!!

The main aterial supply to the breast is from branches of the ?

Back 29

-lateral thoracic artery (external mammary artery)

-perforating branches of the internal mammary artery

Front 30

The lateral thoracic artery arises from the?

Back 30

-axillary artery distal to thoracocrominal artery

-supply lateral breast

Front 31

Internal mammary artery arises from the?

Back 31

-subclavian artery

-suppley medial breast

Front 32

Intercostal braches help perfuse the?

Back 32

lower breast

Front 33

Thoracoacrominal braches help perfuse?

Back 33

upper breast

Front 34

IMPORTANT!!

Intercostal veins anastomose with vertebral veins and can provide a pathway for?

Back 34

bone metastases

Front 35

IMPROTANT!!

Most of the lymph drains into the ___ lymph nodes.

Back 35

axillary

Front 36

The most common site for lymphatic metastasis from breast cancer is?

Back 36

axillary lymph nodes

Front 37

IMPORTANT!!

The levels identified in sono image of breast are?

Back 37

-skin layer-nipple/areola

-subcutaneous fat layer

-mammary layer (parenchyma, fibroglandular tissue)

-retromammary fat layer

-pectoralis muscle layer (deep to breast)

- ribs/ intercostal muscles

-pleura/lung

Front 38

The skin is usually < or = ____ mm in thickness.

Back 38

2mm

Front 39

Blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves also reside in ?

Back 39

subcutaneous fat layer

Front 40

Subcutaneous fat layer does not extend beneath?

Back 40

the nipple

Front 41

Mammary layer contains?

Back 41

fibroglandular tissue (parenchyma) of the breast

Front 42

Retromammary fat layer separates the ___ layer fromthe ____ muscle.

Back 42

-mammary

-pectoralis

Front 43

Retromammary fat layer contains?

Back 43

adipose tissue and connective fascia

Front 44

IMPORTANT!!

2/3 of breast tissue lies ____ to the pectoralis major muscle.

Back 44

anterior

Front 45

Estrogen is responsible for?

Back 45

ductal proliferation

Front 46

Progesterone is responsible for?

Back 46

lobular proliferation and growth

Front 47

Prolactin is present during?

Back 47

late pregnancy and lactation