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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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distinguish between toxicant and toxin
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a toxicant is a synthetic substance; a toxin is made by living things
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chemical form is important in determining toxicity to what kinds of substances?
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heavy metals
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why is exposure to Cr3 ok, but not Cr6?
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Cr6 is too easily absorbed while Cr3 is not
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acetaminophen is metabolized by P450 to what toxic compound? What for of phase II metabolism then detoxifies this substance?
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NAPQ1, glutathione conjugation
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what is the order of clinical treatment for patients who overdose?
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patient stabilzation, clinical evaluation, prevention of drug absorption, enhancement of drug elimination, administration of antidote, supportative care
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what substances show an increase in anion gap?
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alcohol, toulene, methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, paraldehyde, iron, lactic acid, ehtylene glycol, salicylate
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What substances show an increase in osmolarity gap
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ethanol, ethylene glycol, methanol, isopropanol
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what compounds are not adsorbed by ingested charcoal?
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small polar compounds like ethanol
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when would you alkalinize urine? how do you alkalinize the urine?
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to prevent reabsorption of weak acids. Use sodium bicarbonate
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When would hemodialysis be used in overdose?
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when the toxicant was water soluble, had a low Vd, low molecular weight, low protein binding.
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hemoperfusion uses what?
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cartridge of charcoal to pump blood through so the toxicant binds.
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Treatment with multiple dose activated charcoal is especially useful with what kinds of toxicants?
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Ones that undergo significant enterohepatic circulation
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What is the antidote for acetominophin?
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N-acetylcysteine
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What is the antidote for methanol/ ethylene glycol, besides saturating with ethanol?
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4 methylpyrazole (4MP or fomepizole)
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