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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetaminophen
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N-acetylcysteine
Replenishes glutathione, which metabolizes (& de-toxifies) acetaminophen |
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Salicylates (ASA)
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Alkalinize urine with NaHCO3 - traps acids in the renal tubules
Also - gastric lavage to clear drug from GI tract Dialysis if excess in blood |
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Amphetamines (basic)
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Acidify urine with NH4Cl - traps alkaline substances in renal tubules
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Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, organophosphates
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Atropine - blocks effects of excess acetylcholine (supportive)
Pralidoxamine - regenerates acetylcholinesterase (curative) |
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Antimuscarinics, anticholinergics (e.g., atropine)
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Physostigmine salicylate - inhibits acetylcholinesterase, inc. ACh availability
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Beta blockers or verapamil
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Goal: increase heart rate
Glucagon Calcium (CaCl2) Atropine |
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Digitalis (5 steps)
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1. Stop dig
2. Normalize potassium 3. Manage arrhythmia - lidocaine for tachyarrhythmia, atropine for bradycardia 4. Anti-dig Fab fragments (drug-binding antibodies) 5. Mg |
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Iron
(Disease: hemachromatosis) |
DeFERoxamine (to get rid of FERRate)
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Lead (4)
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Penicillamine
CaEDTA Dimercaprol Succimer (for kids) |
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Mercury, arsenic, gold
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DiMERCaprol (for MERCury)
Succimer |
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Copper, arsenic, gold
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Penicillamine
penicillamine = "pennies" - made of copper |
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Cyanide
Common in house fires |
Nitrite
Hydroxocobalamin Thiosulfate |
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Methemoglobin
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METHylene blue (for METHemoglobin)
Vitamin C |
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Carbon monoxide (CO)
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100% oxygen
Hyperbaric oxygen |
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Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
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See p 246, "Alcohol toxicity"
Metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to make oxalic acid, which causes metabolic acidosis and calcium oxalate crystals (nephrotoxic). Metabolized to formaldehyde, causing nephrotoxicity, retinopathy Ethanol - competes for alcohol dehydrogenase, dec. toxic metabolites Fomepizole - inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase Dialysis |
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Opioids
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Naloxone/naltrexone - opioid receptor antagonists
Highest affinity for mu receptors |
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Benzodiazepines
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Flumazenil
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TCAs (Tri-Cyclic Antidepressants)
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Alkalinize plasma with NaHCO3
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Heparin
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Protamine
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Warfarin
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For immediate rescue - fresh frozen plasma
Vitamin K also effective, but takes several days |
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tPA, streptokinase
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Aminocaproic acid
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Theophylline
This drug has a small therapeutic index and is cardiotoxic |
Beta-blockers
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