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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How do you calculate respiratory minute ventilation from a spirometer trace? |
Tidal volume x breathing rate (breaths per minute) |
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Investigate rate of respiration |
• IV = test tube with living organism & non living organism (or living of varying mass) • DV = vol of oxygen > measured by a respirometer (using scale on manometer) • control variables - mass of organism (e.g. 5g), temperature (e.g. put under bunsen burner ), volume of potassium hydroxide • record volume increased every 1 mins for 5 mins • 3 repeats > mean value calculated • each tube contains potassium hydroxide solution > absorbs C02
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Oxygen consumption from a spirometer trace |
Difference between the lowest points (troughs) at the start and end of a minute |
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Investigate effects of exercise on ventilation |
• IV = exercise intensity/ duration • DV = tidal volume, breathing rate, 02 consumption (use of spirometer) • control = same intensity/ duration of exercise, temperature, volume of air in tank • at least 3 repeats > reliable > estimate mean |
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What is a manometer and how does it work? |
• U shaped tube containing liquid e.g. Mercury • measures pressure changes by recording the movement of liquid within the tubes (causing liquid to move up/down) • set liquid in manometer to a known level • decrease in volume = ^ pressure > liquid pulled up
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How to calculate breathing rate from spirometer trace |
Number of peaks in trace (per minute) |
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How does a spirometer work |
• air filled chamber suspended in the water • adding air > lid of chamber rises • volume of air the person exhaled can be calculated from distance moved by lid • movements recorded by pen attached to the lid of the chamber - writes on a rotating drum, creating a spirometer trace • potassium hydroxide absorbs C02 so none in tank > oxygen supply from tank decreases as more breathed in |
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How to calculate tidal volume from spirometer trace |
Average difference in the volume of gas between peak & trough on trace |
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How to calculate ventilation rate from a spirometer trace? |
Tidal volume x breathing rate |
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Cardiac output |
Heart rate x stroke volume |
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What is stroke volume |
The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle each time it contracts (> linked to cardiac output) |
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What is tidal volume |
The volume of air in each breath (> linked to ventilation rate) |
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What is breathing rate |
Number of breaths taken per minute |
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What is oxygen consumption |
The volume of oxygen used by the body |
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What is cardiac output |
The total volume of blood pumped by the ventricle every minute |
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What is heart rate |
Number of times your heart beats per minute |
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