Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Investigate how light intensity effects the abundance of plant species in an area |
• IV - dif light intensity • DV - % cover to estimate the % of area of the quadrat taken up by each species • CV - 1) mineral contents of soil as this effects the growth of plants 2) water content of soil as used in photosynthesis so effects growth • repeats > reliable & statistical tests to see if real dif • belt transect & systematic sampling > each 2nd quadrat used |
|
|
Transect |
A line across a habitat |
|
|
Line transect |
Records species making contact with the tape measure at regular intervals |
|
|
Belt transect |
Uses quadrats places at regular intervals along the transect to measure the abundance of species Using 1) % cover & 2) freq |
|
|
Random sample |
- uniform area - randomly select area using a random no. generator & co-ordinate grid |
|
|
Systematic sampling |
- non uniform area - measurements taken at regular & fixed intervals |
|
|
Percentage cover |
An estimate of how much of the quadrat is covered by a particular species |
|
|
Creation of ATP in photosynthesis |
• ADP + inorganic phosphate > ATP (phosphorylation) • CONDENSATION reaction • chemical energy is stored in the phosphate bond • requires energy > from moving protons down ATP synthase |
|
|
Creation of ADP in photosynthesis |
• ATP +H20 > ADP + inorganic phosphate (+ energy) • HYDROLYSIS > uses water (hydro) to split (lysis) ATP • releases energy (chemical energy released from the phosphate bond) • used in biological processes e.g. contraction of cardiac muscle |
|
|
DCPIP |
• blue > colourless when reduced (accepting electrons) • takes place of NADP • colour change indicates that photosynthesis has occurred |
|
|
Investigate photosynthesis using isolated chloroplasts |
• IV - dif light intensities • DV - rate of photosynthesis measured by the amount of DCPIP reduced (rate of colour change from blue to colourless) • CV - DCPIP of the same volume (takes longer to decoulrise more), temperature (water baths), chloroplasts from same species • amount of time recording colour change • repeats > reliable, means & statistical tests • use of colorimeter |
|
|
Use of colorimeter |
• set up colorimeter with a red filter (because DCPIP is a blue liquid) • zero it using a clean cuvette containing (chloroplast extract &) distilled water • then used to measure absorbance of light |
|
|
Investigate the effect of temperature on the initial rate of an enzyme catalysed reaction |
• IV - temperatures e.g. use water baths at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 degrees • DV - the amount of gas produced (oxygen) is measured • record gas every 10 seconds for 3 minutes using stopwatch • CV - conc. & volume of substrates, pH of solution • repeats > means, reliable, stats tests • equipment; gas syringe, conical flask, bung, (catalase & hydrogen peroxide) |
|
|
What is Q10 & how is it calculated? |
The factor by which the rate changes with every 10 degrees rise in temperature Q10 = rate at T+10/ rate at T degrees Does not apply above the optimum |
|
|
Investigate the effects of temperature on seedling growth rate |
• IV - temperature at water baths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 degrees • DV - height measured as an indication of growth • CV - same species plant (get clones that are genetically identical), minerals in soil, water content of soil/ light exposure (effects photosynthesis) • repeats > plant many e.g. 5 for each condition in the same pot • allow to grow for same time period e.g. 2 weeks |
|
|
Investigate the effects of temperature on the the hatching rate of brine shrimp |
• IV - temperature at water baths of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 degrees • DV - count no. of brine shrimp after 24 hrs • CV - starting no. of brine shrimp eggs, volume of water, time interval left for at each temperature • repeats |
|
|
Carbon cycle applied to reduce Co2 levels |
1) reforestation > plants photosynthesise so reduce Co2 2) decrease burning of fossil fuels > less Co2 released |
|
|
Main aspects of carbon cycle |
1) Co2 absorbed > photosynthesis 2) Co2 released > respiration, combustion, decomposition 3) carbon sinks (in areas w/ no decomposers) |
|
|
Cyclic photophosphorylation |
• only uses PSI & does not reduce NADP • light absorbed by chlorophyll in PSI • excited electrons enter ETC > move H+ > generation of ATP • cyclic as the de energised electron returns to PSI |
