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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activation energy |
The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur between two colliding particles |
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Arrhenius equation |
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Catalyst |
Provides a lower activation energy for a reaction to occur by providing an alternative reaction route. A catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant since it increases the rate of the forward and backward reaction equally |
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Colorimetry |
Method used to calculate the concentration of a specific coloured compound in a solution by measuring the extent to which it absorbs certain wavelengths of light. Measured with a colorimeter. |
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Concentration-time graph: |
A graph which can be used to deduce the rate of reaction by drawing tangents to the curve. |
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First order reactant: |
A substance in the reactant mixture where the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of this substance |
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Half-life (t1/2) |
The time taken for the intial concentration of the reactants to decrease by half. |
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Halogenoalkane |
An organic compound containing a halogen atom attached to an alkyl chain |
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Heterogenous catalysts |
Catalysts that are in a different phase or state to the species in the reaction |
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Homogenous catalysts |
Catalysts that are in the same phase or state as the species in the reaction |
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Initial rate |
The rate of a reaction at time t=0 |
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Nucleophile |
An electron pair donor |
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Nucleophilic substitution |
A reaction in which an electron pair donor attacks an electrophilic atom (an atom with a partial or full positive charge) to replace an atom/group of atoms |
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Order of reaction |
Tells you how the reactants concentration will affect the rate of reaction. In the rate equation it is the power to which the conecntration of the reagent is raised |
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Primary carbocation |
A molecule in which the carbon with the positive charge is only attached to one alkyl group. This is the least stable carbocation |
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Rate-Concentration data |
Rate-concentration data or graphs can be used to deduce the order (0,1,2) with respect to a particular reactant |
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Rate constant |
Relates the rate of a chemical reaction at a given temperature to the product of the concentrations of reactants |
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Rate determining step: |
The slowest step in a multi step reaction. The overall rate is decided by this step. Species present in the rate determining step will also be in the rate equation. |
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Rate equation |
Describes the relationship between the rate of chemical reaction and the concentrations of reagents. |
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Rate of reaction |
The rate at which the reactants are converted into products |
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Second order reactant |
A substance in the reactant mixture where the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of this reactant. |
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Secondary carbocation: |
A molecule in whihc the carbon witht he positive charge is attached to two alkly groups. This is more stable than a primary carbocation but less stable than a tertiary carbocation |
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SN1 |
A nucleophilic substitution reaction which occurs in two steps. The SN stands for it being a nucleophilic substitution reaction, and the 1 means it occurs in two steps. |
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SN2 |
A nucleophilic substitution reaction which uccurs in one step |
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Substitution |
A reaction in which one atom/group of atoms replaces another |
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Tertiary carbocation |
A molecule which the carbon with the positive charge is attached to three alkyl groups. This is the most stable type of carbocation |
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Total order of a reaction |
Sum of all the individual orders of all the reactants in a chemical reaction |
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Zero order reactant |
A substance in the reactant mixture where the rate of reaction is independent of the concentration of this reacting substance |
