Toddler And Preschooler Nutrition

Front 1

Growth Velocity

Back 1

The rate of growth over time

Front 2

Toddlers

Back 2

Children between the ages of 1 and 3 years

Front 3

Gross Motor Skills

Back 3

Development and use of large muscle groups as exhibited by walking alone, running, walking up stairs, riding a tricycle, hopping, and skipping

Front 4

Fine Motor Skills

Back 4

Development and use of smaller muscle groups demonstrated by stacking objects, scribbling, and copying a circle or square

Front 5

Preschool-Age Children

Back 5

Children between the ages of 3 and 5 years,who are not yet attending kindergarten

Front 6

Stature

Back 6

Standing height

Front 7

Recumbent Length

Back 7

Measurement of length while the child is lying down. Recumbent length is used to measure toddlers less
than 24 months of age and those between 24 and 36 months who are unable to stand unassisted

Front 8

Body Mass Index

Back 8

An index that correlates with total body fat content or percent body fat and is an acceptable measure of adiposity or body fatness in children and adults. It is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters (kg/m squared)

Front 9

Preloads

Back 9

Beverages or food such as yogurt in which the energy/macronurient content has been varied by the use of various carbohydrate and fat sources. The preload is given before a meal or snack and subsequent intake is monitored. This study design has been employed by Birch et al. in their studies of appetite, satiety, and food preferences in young children

Front 10

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Back 10

Quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes, used as reference values for assessing the diets of healthy people. DRIs include Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), Adequate Intakes (AI), Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL), and Estimated Average Requirments (EAR)

Front 11

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

Back 11

The average daily dietary intake levels sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all individuals (97% to 98%) healthy individuals in a population group. RDAs serve as goals for individuals

Front 12

Anemia

Back 12

A reduction below normal in the number of red blood cells per cubic mm in the quantity of hemoglobin, or in the volume of packed red cells per 100 mL of blood. This reduction occurs when the balance between blood loss and blood production is disturbed

Front 13

Hemoglobin

Back 13

A protein that is the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells. A decrease in hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells is a late indicator of iron deficiency

Front 14

Hematocrit

Back 14

An indicator of the proportion of whole blood occupied by red blood cells. A decrease in hematocrit is a late indicator of iron deficiency

Front 15

Early Childhood Caries (ECC)

Back 15

The presence of one or more decayed (noncavitated or cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child 71 months of age or younger

Front 16

Fluorosis

Back 16

Permanent white or brownish staining of the enamel of teeth caused by excessive ingestion of fluoride before teeth have erupted

Front 17

Food Security

Back 17

Access at all times to a sufficient supply of safe, nutritious foods

Front 18

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)

Back 18

A serious,sometimes fatal complicaqtion associated with illness caused by E. coli 0157:H7, which occurs primarily in children under the age of 10 years. HUS is characterized by renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and a severe decrease in platelet count

Front 19

Overweight

Back 19

Body mass index-for-age between the 85th and 94th percentiles

Front 20

Obesity

Back 20

BMI-for-age greater than or equal to the 95th percentile

Front 21

Adiposity or BMI Rebound

Back 21

A normal increase in body mass index that occurs after BMI declines and reaches its lowest point at 4 to 6 years of age

Front 22

Heart Disease

Back 22

The leading cause of death and a common cause of illness and disability in the United States. Coronary heart disease is the principal form of heart disease and is caused by buildup of cholesterol deposits in the coronary arteries, which feed the heart

Front 23

LDL Cholesterol

Back 23

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the lipid most associated with atherosclerotic disease. Diets high in saturated fat, trans fatty acids, and dietary cholesterol have been shown to increase LDL-cholesterol levels

Front 24

Familial Hyperlipidemia

Back 24

A condition that runs in families and results in high levels of serum cholesterol and other lipids

Front 25

Trans Fatty Acids

Back 25

Fatty acids that have unusual shapes resulting from the hydogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Trans fatty acids also occur naturally in small amounts in foods such as dairy products and beef

Front 26

Atherosclerosis

Back 26

A type of hardening of the arteries in which cholesterol is deposited in the arteries. These deposits narrow the coronary arteries and may reduce the flow of blood to the heart

Front 27

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels

Back 27

Highest level of daily nutrient intake that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population; gives levels of intake that may result in adverse effects if exceeded on a regular basis

Front 28

Vegan Diet

Back 28

The most restrictive of vegetarian diets, allowing only plant foods

Front 29

Macrobiotic Diet

Back 29

This diet falls between semivegetarian and vegan diets and includes foods such as brown rice, other grains, vegetables, fish, dried beans, spices,and fruits