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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of the thyroid hormone? |
To increase the metabolic rate and critical in the development of the brain in neonates. |
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What are goitrogens? |
These are compounds that inhibit the production of T3/T4 but don't stop TSH production so goiter is formed. |
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PTU inhibits the production of thyroid hormone how? |
It takes out the iodination by reducing the amount of oxidized iodine. |
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Parafollicular C cells make what and what is the function of the compound? |
It secretes calcitonin which aids by increasing the deposition of the calcium into the bones. |
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What are you going to test for to find out T4 levels? |
You are going to test for total T4 Test for estrogen -> increases TBG Anabolic steroids -> decreases TBG Free T4 levels |
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What would you use radioactive iodine levels for? |
You would use it to look at localization. |
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Who more commonly gets hypothyroidism? |
Women over men |
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What are the causes of congenital hypothyroidism? |
Most common is endemic iodine deficiency Dyshormonogenetic goiters -> thyroid metabolism Thyroid agenesis Thyroid hypoplasia |
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What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in areas of high enough iodine? |
You would see autoimmune hypothyroiditis -> Hashimoto's thyroiditis. |
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What is the autoimmune thyroiditis Ab against? |
They are against TPO and TBG |
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What would cause iratogenic thyroid disorder? |
You would see methimazole, PTU, and lithium |
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What are the 2nd degree causes of thyroidism? |
You would see a lack of TSH which is rare but could be seen in hypopituitarism or hypothalamic damage. |
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What is cretinism? |
It is the lack of thyroid hormone that leads to failure of skeleton and CNS development. |
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What is myxedema? |
It is the generation of hypothyroidism in adults and older children which results in increased proteoglycans and glucosaminoglycans to make it feel like rubber. |
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What are the signs of hypothyroidism in adults? |
Listless, cold intolerance, and overweight. They have a decreased CO, they are SOB, and there decreased exercise tolerance. |
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What happens in terms of the LDL and TG levels in someone with hypothyroidism? |
There is increased levels because they are not metabolizing it for energy. |
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What is the most sensitive test for hypothyroidism? |
You are needing levels of TSH to make the diagnosis because it is the most sensitive test. |
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What are the most common caues of thyroiditis? |
You are going to see hashiomoto thyroiditis, subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis, and granulomatous thyroiditis. |
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What are the most common causes of hyperthyroidism? |
Diffuse hyperplasia associated with Grave's Hyperfunctional multinodular goiter Hyperfunctional thyroid adenoma |
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What are the metabolic symptoms of hyperthyroidism? |
You will see increased metabolic rate -> heart rate increase, GI increase, nerves |
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What is the description for hyperthyroidism appearance? |
Wide, staring gaze, lid lag and potentially exophthalmos associated with grave's disease |
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Why would you be seeing osteoporosis with hyperthyroidism? |
You would be expecting this because there is over stimulation of catabolism. |
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What is a thyroid storm? |
You are seeing the sudden huge release of a catecholamines that stimulates a febrile illness with tachycardia that is out of proportion to fever. |
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What is apathetic hyperthyroidism? |
We are seeing an older patient that just shows apathy with hyperthyroidism -> the age and presentation is masked by assumptions of behavior. |
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How are we going to check for hyperthyroidism? |
We are going to check the TSH levels which should be decreased in first degree but will be normal to raised in a secondary. |
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So if you do the TRH test and the TSH levels rise, can you have a secondary hyperthyroidism? |
No, the problem has to be at the thyroid with it not responding to the the increased TSH level. |
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What would you expect to be high uptake if you are looking at RAIU for hyperthyroid? |
Grave's disease Toxic MNG Toxic adenoma |
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What would you expect to be low uptake if you are looking at the RAIU for hypothyroid? |
Subacute thyroiditis Iodine toxicosis Thyrotoxicosis factitia |
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What is the most common cause of endogenous hyperthyroidism? |
Grave's disease |
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What is the triad that is associated with grave's disease? |
Hyperthyroidism with proliferation of the thyroid Infiltrative ophthalmopathy -> exophthalmos Localized infiltrative dermopathy -> myxedema of pre-tibial |
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What is the IgG antibody of Grave's disease going after? |
It is going after TSHr and it stimulates the receptor. This is a type 2 hypersensitivity. |
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What is the reasoning for there being more swelling from behind the eye? |
There is an increase the cytokines which leads to more edema. There is also an increase in the amount of adipocytes/ increased cell matrix components. |
