Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
normal pH |
7 |
|
|
normal blood pH |
7.35 - 7.45 |
|
|
acidosis |
ph decreases with increased H+ |
|
|
alkalosis |
pH increases with decreased H+ |
|
|
less than 7.35 |
acidic |
|
|
greater than 7.45 |
alkalitic |
|
|
number of protons |
atomic number |
|
|
sum of proteins and neutrons |
mass number |
|
|
same atomic number, different atomic mass |
isotope |
|
|
transfer of electrons between atoms |
ionic bond |
|
|
sharing of electrons by outer shell |
covalent bond |
|
|
(+)/(-) attraction of charges; weaker to stronger & vice versa |
hydrogen bond |
|
|
1 kg = 2.2 lb = ? |
1 liter |
|
|
drop out phase of mitosis |
g0 |
|
|
particles don't dissolve in h2o; proteins suspended in plasma |
colloidal suspension |
|
|
formation of solid in solution; particles form solids |
precipitate |
|
|
particles don't form & settle to bottom |
suspensions |
|
|
solution measured by weight (kg and lb) |
osmolality |
|
|
solution measured by fluid (liter) |
osmolarity |
|
|
hyponatremia s/sx |
confusion, orthostatic hypotension |
|
|
hypokalemia s/sx |
vomit, diarrhea, dysrhthymias |
|
|
nursing itnerventions for hypokalemia |
K via IV or PO, monitor arrythmias |
|
|
hyperkalemia s/sx |
explosive diarrhea |
|
|
complications of hyperkalemia |
dysrhythmias |
|
|
nursing interventions for hyperkalemia |
kayexalate (excrete K) |
|
|
renin stimulates kidneys to reabsorb and stimulates ADH/aldosterone release; urine decreases |
hypovolemia |
|
|
nursing interventions for hypovolemia |
increase oral fluids; monitor BP/circulatory system |
|
|
inhibits ADH/aldosterone release to increase urination and inhibit thirst |
hypervolemia |
|
|
deficiency of H2O without electrolyte deficiency |
dehydration |
|
|
loss of water and electrolytes |
fluid volume deficit |
|
|
dehydration s/sw |
hypotension, rapid respirations, dry mucous membranes, thirst, confusion, inadequate renal response |
|
|
with osmoarlity and BUN, check for |
dehydration and increased respirations |
|
|
with BUN and creatinine, check for |
renal/kidneys |
|
|
hormone that conserves the fluid volume of the body by reducing the amount of h2o passed out in the urine |
ADH function |
|
|
hormone that's a volume regulator; retain sodium |
aldosterone |
|
|
hypocalcemia is checked by |
chvostek's sign for excitability and trousseau's sign for depression |
|
|
parathyroid gland controls |
Ca levels, via PTH through kidneys to increase Ca and decrease P |
|
|
normal amount of urine output |
output of 30ml/hr |
|
|
normal consumption intake |
2000ml/day |
|
|
build up of ATP (energy) |
glycolysis |
|
|
carbs/simplest sugars |
monosaccharides |
|
|
double sugars |
diasaccharides |
|
|
starch/many sugars |
polysaccharides |
|
|
by product of protein |
nitrogen |
|
|
formation of urea |
amino acid in liver to kidneys to urine |
|
|
made of sugar, phosphate, base |
nucleotide |
|
|
fluid equals weight |
1 liter = 2.2 lbs = 1 kg |
|
|
sources of Ca |
milk, cheese, yogurt, strawberries, cantaloupe, broccoli, spinach |
|
|
sources of K |
apricot, watermelon, banana, sweet potato |
|
|
has electrical charge and combined with h2o; creates ions |
electrolytes |
|
|
where Na goes |
h2o follows |
|
|
transfer of h2o |
via osmosis |
|
|
ratio of hco3 and carbonic acid |
20:1 |
|
|
major ions in intracellular & extracellular compartments |
k (intracellular) & na (extracellular); gentlemanly relationship |
|
|
retaining too much CO2 |
respiratory acidosis |
|
|
hyperventilating and losing too much CO2 |
respiratory alkalosis |
|
|
diarrhea and losing too much bicarb (hco3) |
metabolic acidosis |
|
|
nausea/vomiting and losing too much h+/acid |
metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
hypertonic solution |
too much sodium; becomes shriveled up |
|
|
isotonic solution |
equal solution |
|
|
hypotonic solution |
more water so the cell bursts |
